Behavioral Finance and Wealth Management

Question: Talk about the Behavioral Finance and Wealth Management. Answer: Presentation The organization in center is Pacific America coal Ltd which is a recorded mining organization in the ASX that is centered around creating coal resources in North America. The companys principle center is expanding estimation of its offers to its investors (Berk and DeMarzo, 2007). A Chief Finance Officer of an association is mostly a piece of the administrative group of the equivalent, and in this way as such is responsible for the boost of investor reserves contributed. In countries with built up stock trades , is the cost of the offer which decides the presentation of the board to financial specialists of the association (BRADSTREET, 2009). Job of the CFO Right off the bat , the CFO advances the profits of the association . Regardless of this , this ought not generally mean an ideal come back to financial specialists . The worth put on investors assets after some time may lead them to pick one or even the other substitute . We cannot dismiss the hazard part connected with the desire for future return in truth the more the hazard is the essential for investor gain . The more noteworthy measure of benefits can be cultivated even by approving progressively stock offers to bookkeeping benefits increment with lessening liabilities , anyway this may infer that profit per share is diminished (Curtis, 2012) . Correspondingly , you will discover utilities which needn't bother with programmed changes in profits , or even which are conveyed to proprietors .The CFO is liable for raising assets for the organization to work at the most reduced conceivable and the best states of reimbursement cost and this has consistently been the customary action of a Chief account official. Without adequate financing the organization doesn't work ideally (Drucker and Maciariello, 2008).The best way to realize which is the degree of obligation and assets that ought to be accessible consistently, is through a spending plan fitting money, arranged by the CFO dependent on the data of the beneficial and administration zones for the most part toward the finish of a year ago and with intermittent audits alteration, contingent upon the conditions. Assets for the association are not boundless , so they were , you can get an ideal over that is extravagant to have surpluses (Hillier, 2010). Cash is a benefit that produces additional worth so the standard should consistently's utilize it to create more than it costs , except for one least sum money for all time ought to be kept up essentially inactive to maintain a strategic distance from occasions illiquidity. The job of the CFO is keep an appropriate harmony among liquidity and benefit . An illiquid association , without enough assets , won't work successfully , and an association with inordinate liquidity is amazingly exorbitant . This is a difficult that ought to be managed by a CFO . Luckily , to achieve liquidity you will discover approaches to hold money close by or in any event, banking establishments , like the banks which empowers one to have brisk access , keep up shares overdraft , have promptly sold resources , and so forth . The most troublesome errands of a CFO is being able to deal with the excess money (Jordan and Michel, 2001). Appropriation of cash among the few zones of the association just as needs regions is one more job of the CFO .In planning, inclinations should be according to the necessities of the association which initially assigns assets to the zones which are critical .If there is various creation lines , they have to build up their benefit and misfortune , or surprisingly better , their income , giving close spotlight on the gross overall revenues are introduced from month to month . It very well may be similarly imperative to every so often file stock turnover and furthermore portfolio which distinguishes quick sporadic circumstances in the business (Nelken, 2006). Another critical job of a CFO is ensure that the fiscal reports are opportune and trustworthy , working likewise in its investigation . In like manner , the state requests intermittent accommodation of different arrangements with working and personal duty data , the ordinary accommodation which should be observed . Nature of bookkeeping information depends on their idealness just as right posting . The other job is to make the executives strategies of the organization concerning funds . The CFO works predominantly on current resources , clarifying the administration of money and banks , records of sales and stock (Nikbakht and Groppelli, n.d.) . The other capacity is to set obligation structure for which the organization can ideally work in. How obligation of CFO can affect target of the organization The CFO must be very much aware that money related choices must consider non-monetary viewpoints for instance Market conditions , legitimate , work , system e.t.c coming up next are targets of an organization Boost benefits Each organization must undertaking to raise their gainfulness , in the event that they need to stay in business . Regardless of whether through the development of new markets , searching out for new items and answers for offer to individuals , increment income edges just as limiting superfluous costs , associations must discover approaches to improve gainfulness , both now and in the long haul . The CFO should think of approaches to expand income by ensuring the organization makes the correct speculations and works together requiring little to no effort (Pompian, 2012) . Expanded piece of the overall industry One of the significant corporate destinations is to build your piece of the overall industry. For instance the Pacific america coal Ltd should build piece of the pie and the CFO is capable by guaranteeing that he thinks of methods of expanding this piece of the overall industry either by planning a blue print to build the piece of the pie. Create current product offerings Giving the comparable merchandise to quite a while makes stagnation in the market . While extending wild isn't fitting , evaluate new administrations and items to discover what the business can bolster is a superb system for development just as organization objective . This advances the product offering , as well as furthermore expands the market potential ( Ross , Westerfield and Jaffe , 2005 ) . The CFO along with item advancement director ought to guarantee that the organization has new items to offer in the market . Increment worker consistency standards Numerous corporate goals target development and benefit . Anyway , its likewise insightful to concentrate on the hour of setting up the framework of organization goals . On the off chance that current paces of staff maintenance is little , it implies that yield is enduring and , as such , the association objectives can never be met . Expanding staff standards for dependability chops down the sum and time put resources into preparing new staff who , consequently , helps benefit . A delineation of this is a corporate objective for an association with a standard for dependability of 60 % as of now to work to hold 80 % of its current workforce until one year from now . In the event that alterations are important to fulfill this goal , as more significant salary or far and away superior advantages , these things must be remembered for the target . The CFO guarantees that the organization gives great compensation terms to its workers to keep them ( Ross , Westerfield and Jaffe , 2005 ) . Another goal of the organization is to limit cost, the CFO is liable for making tasks that diminish squanders and increment effectiveness in the organization in this way he is significant for Pacific American Coal Ltd and guarantees that the organization acquires exceptionally insignificant expenses. In the event that the organization need to make a benefit this year to be considered activities, for example, conceding support, keep as far as possible inventories and take measures to decrease costs One of the principle exercises of the Chief fund official is money related arranging, in which are concentrated the three fundamental errands of the Chief account official which are; Speculation choices are generally organizations with constrained assets and these ought to be designated in various exercises or undertakings contending. You should choose where to contribute and when to contribute, continually searching for that these speculations are intended to meet the target work Funding choices are the point at which the organization must make ventures that add to the age of significant worth, including Chief money officials must stress over where to get the assets or assets for such speculations. By and large the organization has two structure to get assets through investors or loan bosses (Ross, Westerfield and Jordan, 2007) . Profit choices is the point at which the organization must choose how much benefit is created must be reinvested in the equivalent and that both must be come back to investors. These choices must be made with extraordinary consideration in such a case that the organization comes back to investors a high level of salary, development potential will be lower and the organization could be worth less over the long haul. This impact will be considerably more noteworthy in organizations that pass up on venture chances. For Pacific America coal ltd , the CFO, should know the pattern of the swapping scale and should concentrate new circumstances, for example, the instance of an adjustment in the example of advancement of a country.The Chief account official, given his cooperation with all regions and how this influences the worldwide market. Every one of them will take us to meet the goal of Chief fund official capacity. Epitomizing the above found that if the organization does what is fundamental for the organization to endure, we may imagine that it is making a benefit, along these lines it approaches meet the goal work; if the monetary challenges are evaded and that the organization falls into liquidation may likewise have the option to augment the abundance of investors (Smart, Megginson and Gitman, 2004). Effective market theory Beatingthe marketby making use ofjust about anyinformation that the market currentlyknows is beyond the realm of imagination as indicated by this speculation. Theinformationrefers toany kind ofnewsthat maydetermine theequitiesprice is irregular walk which isimpossibletodiscoverin advance. The productive markets theory wasformulatedby Professor Eugene Fama .Efficient market hypothesisstates

Jack Davis ( No Sugar Essay)

NO SUGAR (JACK DAVIS) Jack Davis’ â€Å"No Sugar†, written in 1985, is a play that features Australian bigotry and social annihilation brought about by British expansionism. It is set in 1929 (Great Depression) in Northam, Western Australia. The play investigates the effects of the European social and political way of thinking of the mid twentieth century on Aboriginal society. The central purposes of this play are the prevalence of white individuals, bigotry, and the bond between Aboriginal families. These topics feature Australian culture, and have molded it into its various structures for all Australian’s today.Jack Davis has utilized exchange between the characters in this concentrate to benefit a postcolonial perusing of the content. Davis utilizes discourse so as to build a world wherein the native individuals can be distinguished to the crowd as an abuseed, mistreated race. Davis utilizes exchange to speak to how the colonized respond to the social circums tances wherein they were oppressed to, all the time in the early occasions of colonization. â€Å"CISSIE: Aw mum, Old Tony the ding consistently sells us minimal withered ones and them wetjala kids gigantic one. Through this exchange the crowd distinguishes that society at the time didn't permit the colonized to be classed as a similar standard as the colonizer. Davis loans this content to a postcolonial perusing the utilization of portrayal. The utilization of portrayal in the play fortifies that the characters intensify a kind of accommodation to English culture showcases to the crowd the impact of colonization. In spite of the fact that the characters hold a large number of their native characteristics, for example, living off the land â€Å"Come on, let’s get these bunnies. They have permitted themselves and their way of life to be colonized by tolerating huge numbers of the British qualities, for example, playing cricket â€Å"DAVID and CISSIE play cricket with a home -made bat and ball. † The native individuals have permitted themselves to colonized getting British angles, which agree with their native legacy. Through this concentrate the characters likewise start to peruse the paper, the blend of the youngsters playing cricket and the senior perusing the paper shows up from an outside point viewpoint an exceptionally British movement. Taking a gander at the unique situation, which encompasses the composition of the play, can likewise bolster a postcolonial reading.Another gadget utilized by Davis is stage headings mainly used to conjure or make a rising emotional pressure, a case of this is â€Å"He scratches his finger with the hatchet and watches the blood trickle to the ground. † This is emblematic of the Aboriginals showing disappointment; they are incurring torment on themselves since they realize it isn’t conceivable to perpetrate torment on their winners. Jimmy’s character speaks to the disobedience of any mini mized race; he pushes the limits as far as possible. The way that Aboriginals are â€Å"dancing† for the white Australians shows their power.This moving is a type of administration gave by the Aboriginals, they are communicating their way of life however to the individuals who have wrecked it. It could nearly be perused as a kid attempting to get a grown-ups consideration by hopping around and holding out what they need. To Jimmy these moving Aboriginals are hopping near and demonstrating the White Australians that they need their way of life back. This connect with white pilgrims shows the amount more rule they are and their way of life is. Using emotional shows Jack Davis’ play No Sugar can be perused as a postcolonial criticism.It presents various issues with colonization and the specific impacts it had on the Australian Aboriginal individuals. First acted in 1985, the play manages the battles of the native individuals and persecution where they suffered by white Au stralian culture. The play was set in 1929, when native individuals were not yet acknowledged as equivalents in the public arena. The principle thoughts introduced in the play are appeared through the exchange, characters and setting. This concentrate utilizes procedures to set the reason for the idea’s that will be communicated all through the whole play.

Half-Semester Classes

Half-Semester Classes Every semester has a part A and a Part B. The first eight weeks of the semester are considered Part A while the last eight weeks are Part B. Most classes that you will take last for all sixteen weeks of the semester, but a few wont. You will also have the opportunity to be in classes that last for eight weeks. This is where the Part A and B comes in. Some classes will give you the opportunity to take an alternate version of the class that will only last for eight weeks. As a sophomore, I have already used this opportunity a couple times. For me, I have scheduled classes that have ended up not being what I expected and needed something to take their place. This is a perfect example of what eight-week courses can do for you as a student. There is no need to suffer through a class that you dont feel like you will succeed in. Remember to contact your academic advisor and see what they say about your class changes; consult with them about what the best path forward is. Once you find the eight-week class that you want, take the bold step of canceling the old class and adding your new shiny one. Trust me, you wont regret it. As a matter of fact, I am making a switch to an eight-week class this semester. My plan was to get an art minor. but I realized that art was not everything that I expected, so I am taking a class during Part B of the semester to fill the credit hours. I even got lucky enough to get an online class to take its place. As I write this, I look forward to starting my new eight-week course, Sport and Modern Society (KIN 249). More than anything, always remember that you have an array of options to take coursework that interests you and also gives you the opportunity to succeed. From Tumblr Jacob Class of 2019 I’m an Advertising student within the College of Media. My hometown is a place called Fairmount, Illinois, which is about 30 minutes from campus. I began my Illinois journey in the Division of General Studies.

The Cold War And A Bipolar System - 1601 Words

Kenneth Waltz, a renowned international relations theorist, believes that the rise of new nuclear powers is not a matter to be regretted. In Waltz s view, a major war would be essentially inconceivable. Thus, he thinks that more may be better, that what has come to be called nuclear proliferation may really be something to be thankful for (Waltz, 1981, p. 30). However, is that fundamental claim actually valid? Would it be as stable as Waltz suggests? Considering Waltz s analysis and the case study of the Cold War, can nuclear proliferation lead to a safer world? On the one hand, yes, as deterrence has so far proven its self as can be seen in the case of the Cold War and a bipolar system. However, with the collapse of the Cold War there has been a unipolar shift which can be seen as dangerous, thus with nuclear proliferation, deterrence theory can still take effect. Another way nuclear proliferation can lead to a safer world is that weaker states are able to use them as a means of sel f defense. However, there is also the case that nuclear proliferation makes the world unsafe as there is actually the risk of a nuclear event taking place. A bipolar system has two predominant states or two great rival alliance blocs (Waltz, 1964, p.887) as the world was during the Cold War and is said to be the one of the safest situations globally by some. This is true because as powers react to one another, as long as they are of relative strength, they will attempt to keep one anotherShow MoreRelatedWorld Events And Trends Can Be Analyzed Through The Three Levels Of Analysis1511 Words   |  7 Pagesanalysis. These three levels being the individual, state and system, these help with understanding and analyzing events through the different factors that drive these events. 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Discuss the Representation of Marginalized Groups in to...

Throughout the novel, we see that the characters are divided into certain distinct groups, which represent the major groups in general society. We also see the social divide between these groups, and while some groups are well represented in society, others are marginalised (i.e. they have barley or no social standing in society). The first example of these groups is the Ewells. The Ewells represent the poor white society in our community. At the start of the novel, our first impression of the Ewells is a negative one. We are described the unhygienic nature of the Ewells when a â€Å"cootie† erupts out of Burris Ewell’s hair. Our impression of the Ewells is worsened when we learn that the Ewell’s only arrive for one day of the school, and†¦show more content†¦Its windows were merely open spaces in the walls, which in the summer were covered with greasy strips of cheese cloth to keep out the varmints that feasted on Maycombs refuse.† This description of the iron and the shape of house make the house seem more like a cabin and it tells us a little bit about the Ewells. Through this example we deduce that the Ewells care very little if not at all about the appearance of their home and its appearance. Lee also adds â€Å"What passed for a fence was bits of tree limbs, broomstic ks and tool shafts, all tipped with rusty hammer heads, shovels, axes and grubbing hoes, held on with pieces of barbed wire.† This description of the raggedy fence makes us think that the fence is built from items you would find in a dump which other people have thrown away. All these descriptions make it obvious that Lee wants us to respond in a very negative manner towards the Ewells and their way of life. I feel that the Ewells represent the dregs of society which were somehow not stripped from existence. But, in contrast to the Ewells, we see the poor black â€Å"settlement†. The cabins owned by the poor blacks were â€Å"neat and snug with pale blue smoke rising from the chimneys and doorways glowing amber from the fries inside. There were delicious smells about: chicken, bacon frying crisp as twilight air. Jem and I

Child Abuse in the 1950 Free Essays

Child Abuse When you read articles over child abuse and see the damage that has been caused and what has become of child abuse in today’s society the result is sickening. Child abuse has become a more common thing in today’s society. The fact that there are people in this world, who not only abuse but also neglect their children without consequence, because they are not caught, is even worse. We will write a custom essay sample on Child Abuse in the 1950 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Thankfully, there are many ways today to help save a child who suffers from child abuse. Child protection in America has been in action since the colonial period; â€Å"The history of child protection in America is divisible into three eras. The first era extends from colonial times to 1875 and may be referred to as the era before organized child protection. The second era spans 1875 to 1962 and witnessed the creating and growth of organized child protection through nongovernmental child protection societies. The year 1962 marks the beginning of the third or modern era: the era of government-sponsored child protective services. †(Myers, 1). Since the 1950s many laws have been implemented in order to protect children and keep them safe in our country. Children have become increasingly safer over the past fifty years, largely because of the effect of Henry Kempe’s article, â€Å"The Battered Child Syndrome† which lead to more informed doctors, better media coverage, and more effective protection and reporting laws. John Caffey was a pediatric radiologist born in 1895. He later became known as the â€Å"father of pediatric radiology† (Girdany, 1978). In 1946, Caffey released an article called â€Å"Multiple Fractures in the Long Bones of Infants Suffering from Chronic Subdural Hematoma† based on long bone fractures in infants. In his study he examined â€Å"6 patients who exhibited 23 fractures and 4 contusions of long bones. †(Caffey) in which he concluded suffered from chronic subdural hematoma. Although he could not prove anything, his observations seemed to be unexplained to say the least, â€Å"There was neither clinical nor roentgen evidence to support the idea that pre-existing systemic or localized skeletal disease weakened the bones and made them unusually vulnerable to trauma. †(Caffey). With that observation he came to the conclusion that â€Å"the long bones were injured and fractured during convulsive seizures. There is little evidence to support such a postulate. In not a single case did fresh fractures appear immediately following the convulsive seizure and complete fractures occurred in patients who only had mild convulsions . . . [To] our knowledge, fractures of convulsive origin in the long bones have never been demonstrated in the common severe convulsive diseases of infancy and childhood such as lead poisoning, meningitis, cerebral neoplasm and hypocalcemic tetancy. †(Caffey) but he still had doubts, because there was little evidence to support such theories. He came to the conclusion that â€Å"the fractures appear to be of traumatic origin but the traumatic episodes and the casual mechanism remain obscure. †(Caffey). Caffey’s work and the article he published hinted at possibility of child abuse in such cases that he treated but could never be proven beyond a reasonable doubt. After the publishing of â€Å"Multiple Fractures in the Long Bones of Infants Suffering from Chronic Subdural Hematoma,† it grasped the attention of many doctors who became interested in the signs of child abuse. In 1962 pediatrician Henry Kempe and his colleagues published the article known as â€Å"The Battered Child Syndrome†. Kempe played leading role in bringing child abuse to national attention during the 1960’s and 1970’s. †(Myers, 455). In Kempe’s work he stated â€Å"the battered-child syndrome is a term used by us to characterize a clinical condition in young children who have received serious physi cal abuse, generally from a parent or foster parent. † (Kempe, Silverman, Steele, Droegemueller, and Silver, 143). To collect data to further his research, Kempe and his fellow colleagues â€Å"undertook a nation-wide survey of hospitals which were asked to indicate the incident of this syndrome in a one-year period. (Kempe, Silverman, Steele, Droegemueller, and Silver, 143). After the survey he found the results that â€Å"Among 71 hospitals replying, 302 such cases were reported to have occurred; 33 of the children died; and 85 suffered permanent brain injury. † (Kempe, Silverman, Steele, Droegemueller, and Silver, 143). To continue his research he also â€Å"surveyed 77 District Attorneys who reported that they had knowledge of 447 cases in a similar one-year period. Of these, 45 died, and 29 suffered permanent brain damage. † (Kempe, Silverman, Steele, Droegemueller, and Silver, 143). Once â€Å"The Battered Child Syndrome† was published the public and media became more aware of child abuse and many reforms were implemented. â€Å"Amendments to the Social Security Act were made. In the same year, the federal Children’s Bureau convened two meetings to determine how the Bureau could more effectively help states respond to child abuse. † (Myers, 456). It is said that â€Å"Attendees at the meetings, including Henry Kempe . . . [recommended] state legislation requiring doctors to report suspicions of abuse to police or child welfare. † (Myers, 456). By making these changes and requiring doctors to report suspicions of abuse all states had reporting laws by 1967. In 1962 the Social Security Act was amended which made changes to the child welfare provisions. In the following provision, â€Å"Beginning July 1, 1963, State child welfare plans must provide for coordination their services with the services provided for dependent children. † (Cohen, Ball, 3). Vincent De Francis stated that the 1962 amendments â€Å"for the first time, identified Child Protective Services as part of all public child welfare. †(Myers, 455). Media Coverage brought child abuse to the attention of the general public. To help bring child abuse into the eye of the media and national public, Newsweek article â€Å"When They’re Angry† quoted Kempe; â€Å"One day last November, we had four battered children in our pediatrics ward. Two died in the hospital and one died at home four weeks later. . . [The] battered child syndrome isn’t a reportable disease, but it damn well ought to be. † (Myers, 455). Stating this in Newsweek definitely brought attention to the situation at hand. As the media became more involved and reporting laws were made, more and more cases were reported. By 1974, some 60,000 cases were reported. In 1980, the number exceeded one million. By 1990, reports topped two million, and in 2000, reports hovered around three million. In the early twenty-first century, reports declined but remained high. † (Myers, 456). Although those statistics are high the cases are being reported an d action is being taken in order to protect our children. The increase in public awareness called for stricter laws and protection of children in abusive situations. In today’s society we have Foster care and orphanages to help with the problems that come from abusive situations. In the early days, foster care was viewed as a major advance and as the best solution for many dependent children. † (Myers, 456 ) That being said foster care was a way out for children in abusive situations and acted as a safe haven. â€Å"In the last quarter of the twentieth century, however, some came to view foster care as a problem rather than as a solution . . . [nearly] half a million children are in foster care at any point in time and that too many children get â€Å"stuck† in out-of-home care. † (Myers, 456) With that being said, there are some negative things that come along with the comfort of a foster home; â€Å"children of color . . [are] sadly overrepresented amon g foster children. Yet, despite problems, foster care remains a safe haven for many abused and neglected children. † (Myers, 456) Along with protection of children there were also stricter laws, and the government became more involved in child abuse and protection. â€Å"Due in substantial measure . . . [Congress] assumed a leadership role with passage of the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act of 1974 (CAPTA). † (Myers, 456). CAPTA acted as a guide line to federal funds throughout the government to â€Å"improve the state response to physical abuse, neglect, and sexual abuse. CAPTA focused particular attention on improved investigation and reporting. † (Myers, 456). By creating CAPTA it allowed people to become more familiar with investigation and reporting’s of child abuse throughout the nation. â€Å"In addition, CAPTA provided funds for training, for regional multidisciplinary centers focused on child abuse and neglect, and for demonstration projects. † (Myers, 456). With the creation of CAPTA responsibility for administering was placed in a new agency known as the National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect. The center funded important research on maltreatment. † (Myers, 456). CAPTA has had a major role in shaping todays nationwide system of governmental child protective services. CAPTA marked â€Å"the final passing of privately funded, nongovernmental child protection societies. † (Myers, 457). All of this was able to happen simply because the attention the media brought to the reality of child abuse and that it can h appen to anybody. Laws were implemented in order to better protect children and make reporting of child abuse cases easier. By the late 1970s, government-sponsored child protective services spanned the nation, settling into urban and rural areas alike. †(Myers, 454). Along with sponsored child protective services, since 1974 laws and provisions relating to child abuse have been more frequent. Most importantly, Child protective services and Child Welfare gave opportunities to children who were in abusive situations. To focus more on child protection, â€Å"the 1962 amendments required states to pledge that by July 1, 1975, they would make child welfare services available statewide. (Myers, 455) By making that a law this fueled the expansion of child-welfare services as well as protective services. In 1967, Congress declared that all states were required to have reporting laws, which means that any suspicious child abuse that is happening must be reported. Once reporting laws w ere in effect, â€Å"the prevalence of child abuse and neglect came into focus. †(Myers, 456). By demanding reporting laws it really opened up people’s eyes when it came to child abuse and neglect and how it can affect a child. Beginning in 1974, legislation has been passed to help fund child welfare and protection. By doing that the nation can depend on the system and believe that it isn’t going anywhere. Since it is now funded by the government, it can help a child in a situation such as neglect have a positive outlook, and the child can be taken care of in the best way possible. In October of 1984, congress created the Child Abuse Amendments of 1984 with a â€Å"purpose to extend and improve provisions of laws relating to child abuse and neglect and adoption†(Childrens Bureau, 21). This amendment â€Å"required states to have in place procedures with State protective systems to respond to the reporting of medical neglect, including instances of withholding medically indicated treatment from disabled infants with life threatening conditions. †(Children’s Bureau, 21). With this amendment in act, any faulty observations made must be reported when the child’s health and neglect comes into question. This is important because it makes doctors more alert when they examine their patients, especially children. When it comes to a child, abuse is something that cannot be taken lightly. Since the 1950s our government has worked to keep the children of this nation safe. They have implemented many laws and provisions. There are many options children in abusive situations have in order to better their lives. Since the 1950s, our children have become safer because of laws that have been created. Child abuse is not something to be taken lightly, and the government and public alike need to constantly strive to better the lives of children in this country. Work Cited: Child Abuse Caffey, John. (1946): n. page. Web. 6 Nov. 2012. http://www. cbi. nlm. nih. gov/pmc/articles/PMC3032844/. Cohen, Wilbur J. , and Robert M. Ball. â€Å"Public Welfare Amendments of 1962 and Proposal for Health Insurance for the Aged. †Ã‚  Social Security. N. p. , n. d. Web. 5 Nov 2012. http://www. ssaonline. us/policy/docs/ssb/v25n10/v25n10p3. pdf. Girdany, Bertram R.. â€Å"John Caffey, 1895-1978. † . American Journal of Roentgenology, n. d. Web. 5 Nov 2012. http://www. ajronline. or g/co Kempe, C. Henry, Frederic N. Silverman, Brandt F. Steele, William Droegemueller, and Henry K. Silver. â€Å"Child Abuse and Neglect.   Child Abuse and Neglect. 9. (1985): 143-154. Web. 6 Nov. 2012. Myers, John E. B. â€Å"Family Law Quarterly. †Ã‚  Family Law Quarterly. 42. 3 (2008): 449-463. Web. 4 Nov. 2012. http://www. americanbar. org/content/dam/aba/publishing/insights_law_society/ChildProtectionHistory. authcheckdam. pdf. United States. Childrens Bureau. Major Federal Legislation Concerned With Child Protection, Child Welfare, and Adoption. Washington, D. C. : Childrens Bureau/ACYF, 2012. Web. http://www. childwelfare. gov/pubs/otherpubs/majorfedlegis. pdf. How to cite Child Abuse in the 1950, Essay examples

Evaluation Argument Hills Like White Elephants free essay sample

A white elephant is an idiom for a valuable but burdensome possession, but also it means a rare and sacred creature. In Ernest Hemingway’s short story Hills Like White Elephants, Hemingway uses an unborn child as a white elephant. This short story depicts a couple of an American man and young women at a train station somewhere in Spain. Hemingway tells the story from watching the couple from across the bar and listening to their troublesome conversation. Through overhearing the couple’s conversation Hemingway uses dialogue to explain the couple’s decision of an abortion operation. Hills Like White Elephants is a great example of Hemingway’s rare use of dialogue. Hemingway compresses dialogue in his stories by removing authorial guidance, forcing readers to interpret for themselves shades of meaning (Del Gizzo, Moddelmog 175). In the short story Hemingway also uses the setting to help the reader understand what the man and woman are feeling and thinking as they await their train. We will write a custom essay sample on Evaluation Argument Hills Like White Elephants or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page By providing details of the hills, bar, and landscape the reader can better understand the emotions and situation the couple are experiencing. The way that Hemingway creates the characters is a very interesting way because he lets the reader make their own opinions about the characters through their actions and words. In Hills Like White Elephants Hemingway uses compressed dialogue to let the reader interpret the story themselves while also using the setting and characters to help show the situation that the story portrays. The dialogue Hemingway uses in Hills Like White Elephants is a unique style. The story uses a lot of repetition and the story is nearly all dialogue between the couple. Hemingway is known to do this in his works which allows the reader to interpret the story in a way that they see it. The couple is constantly talking in short repetitive remarks sharing their opinion on the operation the woman is deciding to have. The story repeats the term or variations of the word â€Å"afterward† many times because the reason for the operation is so that the couple will be fine or happy after the operation is over. Also, the phrase â€Å"white elephant† is repeated several times which reminds the reader that the two individuals view white elephant of different meanings. White elephant can be used to describe something as a rare and sacred creature or a possession that is valuable but burdensome. As Hemingway likes to force his readers to make their own interpretations, white elephant can be interpreted many ways. The unborn baby can be thought to be the white elephant and the man seems to view it as a burden while the woman thinks of it as a sacred creature. The man’s dialogue portrays it is a burden because he says that the baby is the only thing that bothers them, and he also says that they can have everything if the woman has the operation. The woman’s dialogue seems to reveal that disagrees with the man’s decision because in the last line of the story she says that she is fine and nothing is wrong with her. Some suggest that the man himself is the white elephant (Link 68). People may think the man is the white elephant because the woman is willing to have this operation to keep him happy but at the same time he is willing to get rid of their unborn child. This different idea of who could be the white elephant and how each character feels about the operation is a distinct example of how Hemingway’s dialogue use forces the reader to use their imagination and own thoughts to interpret his writings. Hemingway uses dialogue through the characters to portray the setting of Hills Like White Elephants. The story mentions several objects and landscapes to help the reader understand the story. The hills that look like white elephants to woman have a somewhat clear meaning since the point of the story is the white elephant of the situation. However, things such as the train station, bar, bead curtain, table, trees, river, and others help show the situation the couple are experiencing. The landscape around the station plays a huge role in the setting. On one side it is dry with no tree, no shade, and long white hills; the other side had fields of grain, trees, and a river. At one point in the story the girl walks to the side full of life with the trees and river, but the man tells her to come back and not to think that way. This could mean that she wanted to keep the baby after seeing the beautiful landscape full of life while the man did not want her to think like that. While sitting at the bar the couple orders several drinks in a short period of time which could infer that the man has persuaded the woman to have the operation because if she planned on having the baby she probably would not drink alcohol. Therefore, the drinks have helped set the setting by showing how the couple will probably handle the situation of contemplating whether to have the surgery or not. Settings play a huge role in any story but in Hills Like White Elephants the setting can be interpreted many ways which Hemingway most likely wanted for the reader. Nearly any story has characters which are revealed through direct explanations by the author Hemingway uses several ways of revealing the characters in Hills Like White Elephants. In the story the two in the couple are clearly the main characters but the reader learns about the character through their dialogue and actions. The position of the man and woman on the decision of having the operation are clear but more about the two are revealed throughout the story. While sitting at the bar the woman asks about a sign on the bead curtain, and the man is able to tell her that it is a drink which might signify that the man could be more educated or has more experience in the world. Towards the arrival of the train the woman gives the bartender a smile and shows her gratitude. This shows that the woman is polite and is thankful for the service which helps us understand that she is good hearted and that might be why she does not want to have the operation. In this short story hidden details can be interpreted in many ways, but being able to see them helps reveal characters when the author does not directly introduce them. Hemingway is arguably one of the greatest authors of all time and Hills Like White Elephants shows his ability to combine the genres fiction and drama (Del Gizzo, Moddelmog 175). This short story is an amazing piece of work that has many of Hemingway’s gifted abilities as a writer. Hemingway is able to use a strange form of dialogue to portray a very big decision for a young couple and is able to do it from the point of view of a stranger across the bar. The dialogue Hemingway uses is short and repetitive which lets the reader interpret and make analysis of their own while reading the story. Also, Hemingway’s style of writing depicts a very complicated setting which some say could have several meanings and importance. The setting helps the reader make more assumptions about the story and helps give detail or the situation. Though there are few characters in this story they are revealed through their dialogue and actions which allows the reader to make their own decisions about the characters. Hills Like White Elephants is a short but outstanding work of art thanks to Hemingway’s overall ability to make a simple story have so much meaning.

5 Reasons to Go Into an Allied Healthcare Career

5 Reasons to Go Into an Allied Healthcare Career maybe you want to work in healthcare, but you don’t have the option to go through intensive training or certification. there are many well-paying, exciting fields that don’t require this kind of preparation, but which can still be incredibly rewarding. there are jobs you can afford to pursue, even without a traditional college education. that being said, here are 5 reasons you should go into an allied healthcare career.1. flexibilitywhile an advanced degree can only give you an extra boost, it is not required by any means. allied healthcare positions, like being a technician or technologist, can give you great quality training- fast. you can work in all types of settings, all around the world. though each state and institution might have slightly different requirements, you’ll find it easy to move around and be eligible in different parts of the country when you need a change of scenery.2. satisfactionyou could do much worse than helping people, working side by s ide with other committed folks like you, making the world a safer and healthier place. these jobs really can make a difference in people’s lives and can be immensely fulfilling.3. securitythis field continues to grow at rates of almost 25% per year. with lower requirements and high advancement potential, these jobs provide great salaries and good staying power across a wide range of fields.4. competitionstarting salaries in this field rival positions requiring much more experience in other fields. and the benefits tend to be comparatively very generous.5. military advantagesif you have any interest in one day pursuing a career in the military, then working in the allied healthcare professions can be incredibly helpful. there are great benefits to a military career, including helping people, serving your country, and good, low-cost insurance. if you want to get working sooner rather than later, consider this route to your healthcare career!interested? apply here

Free Essays on In a Station of the Metro

associated with black used in this context are indicative of places that are of little law, unknown dangers or catastrophic events (i.e. Black Plague, Black Monday). By placing fragile â€Å"petals† in to what seems as a harsh environment, the beauty of the faces that he sees is magnified by the unpleasant surroundings. Pound writes this poem to share his experience at the subway station from his perspective. His concise grasp of imagery gives the reader every detail and nuance to completely immerse the imagination in his reality. In whole, Pound’s poem creates an image from... Free Essays on In a Station of the Metro Free Essays on In a Station of the Metro The Explication of Ezra Pound’s â€Å"In a Station of the Metro† Ezra Pound’s words portray a moment frozen in time. The poem, â€Å"In a Station of the Metro,† is a poem of imagery. Through imagery, Pound imbues his vision and thoughts of his surroundings while on a subway train. Pound’s title, â€Å"In a Station of the Metro,† sets the stage to allow the reader to visualize a â€Å"†¦ dark, cold, wet†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (p657) subway station. Pound uses these words to set the ambiance. He puts the reader at the station watching â€Å"the apparition of these faces in the crowd†(1). The word â€Å"apparition† takes away the identity of the peoples’ faces as what seems like a train speeding by and blurring the faces of the awaiting passengers. Yet Pound does allow the reader to notice the faces that he sees by giving a select few form, hence, â€Å"Petals on a wet, black bough†(2). The author uses â€Å"Petals† to relate to the faces that he notices in the amorphous crowd from the â€Å"bough† which he relates to the train. Pound uses â€Å"Petals† which signify beauty and delicacy, an object spawned from the sun and places them in the â€Å"wet, black bough† which relates to subjects of a subterranean plane, a place that is void of sun which is indicative of a subway station. The word â€Å"black† used by Pound describes the conditions of the subway. Words associated with black used in this context are indicative of places that are of little law, unknown dangers or catastrophic events (i.e. Black Plague, Black Monday). By placing fragile â€Å"petals† in to what seems as a harsh environment, the beauty of the faces that he sees is magnified by the unpleasant surroundings. Pound writes this poem to share his experience at the subway station from his perspective. His concise grasp of imagery gives the reader every detail and nuance to completely immerse the imagination in his reality. In whole, Pound’s poem creates an image from...

Challenges, problems and conflicts that may occur in teams (Teamwork Essay

Challenges, problems and conflicts that may occur in teams (Teamwork vs. Individual work in efficiency of decision making) - Essay Example g need not always be the responsibility of an individual alone, and various professional as well as academic contexts reveal the decision making process taken up jointly by a team. The effectiveness achieved when making individual decisions differs from the effectiveness attained when teams take decisions. However, if a particular decision should be taken by an individual or a team is totally dependent on the nature of the problem that needs to be solved as well as the available time and resources. Therefore, whether decisions made by individuals are more effective from that of teams or vice versa cannot be ultimately stated as each problem differs from the other, thereby requiring unique decisions as well as different forms of decision making. In order to understand the difference in effectiveness arising out of individual and team decisions, one must first be thoroughly understand the concepts of individual and team with reference to decision making. Larson and LaFasto (1989) provide a definition of team, which states that it is a â€Å"unit of two or more people† who engage in interacting as well as coordinating their work in order to â€Å"accomplish a specific goal† (Morden, 2004, p. 248). Katzenbach and Smith further describe the concept of team as a small group of people who possess â€Å"complimentary skills† and are committed to a â€Å"common purpose, performance goals, and approach† for which they are mutually accountable (p. 248). Therefore, team is comprised of two or more individuals who are influenced by a common commitment and who are ready to coordinate their activities in order to take decision regarding a particular problem within a stipulated time frame. There are different t ypes of teams and each category or type has a basis of its own. Morden identifies the different types of teams such as â€Å"permanent or temporary team,† based on the period or purpose for which they are created; â€Å"formal† teams including, vertical and horizontal teams that

The Importance of Teaching Culture with the Language Research Paper

The Importance of Teaching Culture with the Language - Research Paper Example The main point of the paper is that effective communication does not deal only with language proficiency and that in enhancing and enriching communicative competence, cultural aspects can also lead and contribute to the respect toward different cultures around the globe. Introduction Several components comprise the learning of foreign language such as grammatical competence, communicative competence, language proficiency, and considerations of attitudes with regard to one’s culture. Scholarly, knowledge about customs, beliefs, and culture of other countries are indisputably considered as an integral part of foreign language learning, and teachers who are teaching language have seen the importance of including the teaching of culture into the foreign language curriculum. Foreign language learning is also considered foreign culture learning and thus, culture has been taught in the foreign language classroom. However, debates arises on the issue of what the culture meant and how can it be integrated into the language learning and teaching. In language learning, culture is not a separate subject to learn along with the studies and learning about speaking, listening, reading, and writing but rather it is always in the background and considers as the secondary factor in learning the language skills. This paper has also the aim to disentangle issues, shedding some light about the role of teaching culture, as well development and understanding the importance why this has to be incorporated in language teaching. Furthermore, communications are requiring understanding and to be able to come up with understanding, it requires being in the shoes of foreign culture. What is culture and why should it be taught? It is important to scrutinize the relationship between language and culture and why is it important to study the culture along with the studies of language as an integral part of the English language curriculum. Language is considered as a social institution, p laying an important role in the society, it is influential between and among the people at large. It must be understood among the people of any nation that language is a cultural practice, aside from the fact that it is considered as a part of the culture itself. Nevertheless, if language is considered as a a cultural practice and a part of the culture it self, undeniably, it is relevant to say that it would just be proper to study culture in relation to language. Language never claims to be independent construct but it is considered as a social practice brought about by the society structures and forces of social institutions where in we lived in. Language and culture interpenetrate, which means that language cannot exist alone like in a vacuum because there is a big connection between the two (Webster, J. 2008). The existence of language cannot be separated from culture, it is passed and inherited from the past practices and beliefs and determines the quality and consistencies of the lives of the people. It is considered as an explanation to the cultural past of certain society and a guide to social reality (Salzman, P. 1998). The interdependence of language and culture is well manifested in the daily lives. Children speak and master their mother tongue through making and using hypothesis under the circumstances where it can be used, and by learning probabilities. Children, during the process of

Clients Description And Functioning Social Work Essay

Clients Description And Functioning Social Work Essay The client is a sixteen-year-old African American female who is pregnant with her second child. The client attends junior high school. The client lives with her mother, age unknown, who is unemployed. B. Setting Peak View Behavioral Health is located in Colorado Springs, Colorado. Peak View Behavioral Health is a psychiatric hospital dedicated to providing quality care to promote growth and structure for clients and families (Peak View Behavioral Health, 2012). Peak View Behavioral Health treats adults ages eighteen and older and, in January 2013, will begin to serve children ages four to seventeen. The hospitals services include acute psychiatric care, partial hospitalization, intensive outpatient services, substance abuse, twenty-four hour assessment and Electroconvulsive Therapy. C. Reason for Referral The client was referred to Each One Teach One, an alternative school, by her prior public school principal. The client is pregnant with her second child and has been suspended from the public school. Adolescent pregnancy, intended or not, can have negative consequences. Common consequences of adolescent pregnancy include dropping out of high school, living in poverty, relying on public welfare, and experiencing higher levels of psychological distress, as compared to their same age peers (Stoiber, 2005). The consequences of the clients pregnancies are reflected by her situation. She has been referred to an alternative school and experiences psychological stress which impacts her relationships. The principal was aware of the clients first pregnancy, although no previous interventions were attempted. The principal suspects the client is having difficulty in her home life, although she will not disclose to the principal how she became pregnant twice. Client is not happy about the suspension from public school. Client does not understand why she is being suspended because she feels as though she has not done anything wrong. Although she is upset about the suspension from her public school, she does seem interested in the referral to the alternative school as evidenced by her accepting the referral and attending Each One Teach One. One of the highlighted strengths in the lives of African Americans is their strong educational or achievement orientation (Boyd-Franklin, 2006). Although the client is experiencing a negative social and economic environment, she appears to be motivated to better herself. The clients mother does not support the referral for client to attend the alternative school. The clients mother encourages the client not to attend school and get on the Welfare. D. Clients Description and Functioning Client is of average height and pregnant. Client attends school well groomed, e.g, hair brushed, teeth brushed, showered, and wears clothes that are clean and well-fitted. Although the client is pregnant, she is able to walk to school and walk up and down the stairs to her apartment without difficulty. Client took necessary testing precautions to be tested for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) after learning her father passed away from Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Consequently, client tested positive for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Client does not speak grammatically correct English as evidenced by client stating sentences such as I is learning, I does my work, and what this one is? Although client reports she sits in the back of the classroom, does not open a book and does not participate, clients math teacher reports client does well in math. Client has difficulty reading. The clients mother reports client as stupid and not ever amounting to anything. Client identifies one of her strengths as cooking. Client reports auditory and visual hallucinations in the form of vampires telling her you are one of us. Client fantasizes about being white, living rich and famous, and being saved from her current situation. E. Physical and Economic Environment The clients mother is unemployed and receives welfare of an unknown monthly amount. Clients mother has custody of clients first child in order to receive aide on that child. Client attended public school until suspended and will be attending Each One Teach One. In the evenings, client cooks and cleans for the household. Client describes her mothers day as a beached whale lying on the couch. Client states her mother eats, watch T.V., eats, watch T.V. The client and mother live in a two bedroom apartment, rent unknown, in Harlem. Client describes the neighborhood as the ghetto and consumed with crack heads. The clients apartment building is sprayed with graffiti. Americans visualize the ghetto as where the black people live representing a poor, susceptible to crime, drug-infected and violent part of the city (Anderson, 2012). The client defines her neighborhood as the ghetto due to drug activity and crime. F. Current Social Functioning 1. Family Situation. The client and mother live in apartment together. The clients mother has custody of the clients first born child and claims that child for welfare purposes, although the child actually lives with clients grandmother. The clients father previously lived in the home with client and mother prior to moving out. Clients relationship with her mother is volatile. The clients mother reported she should have aborted her. Client cooks for her mother, cleans the home, and runs errands for her mother when needed. Client fantasizes of wanting to be on the cover of a magazine or in a music video. Client has current and past history of sexual and physical abuse. Client was raped by her father. The clients first child, and the second child she is pregnant with, are products of rape by the clients father. The clients mother is aware of the rape of the client by her father but blames the client for taking my man. The clients mother also blames the client for clients father moving out of the house. The clients mother also admitted to sexually abusing client, stating who was going to please me. Client has also experienced physical abuse at the hands of her mother. The clients mother has slapped her and thrown a frying pan towards her head. The clients mother is verbally abusive calling client names such as bitch, whore, good for nothing and stupid. 2. Current Sexual/Emotional Relationship. Client reports never having a boyfriend but wishes she had a light skin boyfriend with nice hair. 3. Occupational/School Situation. Client has been suspended from public school and referred to Each One Teach One, an alternative school, due to her second pregnancy. Client enjoys math and does well in math, as reported by her math teacher. Client has difficulty reading and tested at a second grade reading level. Client has difficulty with her peers as evidenced by clients physical aggression towards peers, i.e., slapping, punching, and cursing at her peers. Client has obedient relationships towards teachers and principal as evidenced by following directions without defiance. 4. Other Social Relationships and Social Roles and Satisfaction. Client reports never having a boyfriend and does not have any friends. Client takes pride in being a mother but is not able to be a mother to her first child due to her own mother not allowing her child to live in their home because of the childs developmental disability. Client has expressed wanting to get her child back. Client does not currently attend a church but fantasizes of participating in the church choir. For generations, African Americans have used spirituality and religion as a crucial instrument for survival (Boyd-Franklin, 2006). One role of the African American church is to act as a refuge, as a sanctuary in an often times unfriendly world (Boyd-Franklin, 2010). Although client does not currently attend church, in her fantasies, she finds the church as a safe place from her negative and hostile environment. 5. Medical/Psychological. Client is pregnant with her second child. Clients first pregnancy resulted in a female with developmental disabilities. At time of clients referral to Each One Teach One, client had not yet seen a doctor for her second pregnancy. Client found out from her mother her father passed away from AIDS and client tested positive for HIV. Clients mother refuses to be tested for HIV because she believes she has not contracted the disease because she and clients father did not engage in anal sex. 6. Legal Issues. Client does not have any legal issues at this time. G. Personal and Family History relevant to current focus Client was born in November 1971 in Harlem. Mother reported client would sleep in the bed with her and the clients father. Client was bottle fed as a baby, as clients father would drink the breast milk from clients mothers breast. The clients mother reported client was three years old at the time of her first sexual abuse by her father. Client has experienced sexual abuse by her father and mother, and physical and verbal abuse from her mother. Individuals who are of lower economic status are more likely to experience traumatic events, and African Americans are more likely to be of lower socioeconomic status (Gapen et al., 2011). Clients mother reports there is no alcohol or substance use in the home. II. Assessment Psychological Functioning The clients intellectual functioning is at a moderate level as evidenced by grammatically incorrect language and a second grade reading level. In terms of the clients psychological functioning, her ego functions are moderately compromised. The egos ability to unify and combine mental processes is called ego functions (Berzoff, Flanagan, Hertz, 2011). Reality testing is the egos ability to recognize and agree with physical and social reality. The most important aspect of this function is the ability to tell the difference between internal reality and external reality (Berzoff, Flanagan, Hertz, 2011). The clients function of reality testing is compromised at times, as evidenced by auditory and visual hallucinations and retreats to her fantasy world. The clients ego function of controlling impulses is also compromised, as evidenced by aggressiveness towards peers. The egos attempt to maintain an accurate level of positive self-worth in the face of stressful or aggravating circumstances is self-esteem regulation (Berzoff, Flanagan, Herzt, 2011). The clients self-esteem could be defined as low due to physical, sexual, and verbal abuse. The clients low self-esteem can be seen through her fantasies of wanting to be someone else, e.g White, famous. Defense mechanisms guard the self from danger, actual or perceived (Berzoff, Flanagan, Hertz, 2011). In terms of defense mechanisms, the clients defense mechanisms could be classified as immature. The clients immature defense of dissociation, where a painful memory is detached from the feeling, is evidenced by the clients fantasies of herself leading a different life (Berzoff, Flanagan, Hertz, 2011). B. Emotional Functioning Between nine and twelve months of age children begin to develop Internal Working Models to characterize emotions and expectations resulting from interactions and communication between infant and caregiver (Riggs, 2010). Consistent with the notion emotional abuse negatively impacts Internal Working Models and the ability to regulate affect, research suggests emotional abuse places children at risk for poor self-concept and disorders of emotional regulation and impulse control (Riggs, 2010). In regards to the clients emotional functioning, her limited range of emotional expression and poor impulse control are demonstrated by her use of aggression and anger towards peers. The clients negative coping responses can be seen through her fantasies, as she cannot verbally express how she is feeling. According to attachment theory, insecure attachment styles are used because they are adaptive in relation to the behavioral responses of their attachment figure (Riggs, 2010). One type of insecure attachment pattern is disorganized attachment. Disorganized attachment can be connected to child abuse, lack of resolution to trauma or loss by parent, and maternal frightening behavior and psychopathology (Riggs, 2010). The clients attachment pattern can be classified as disorganized due to her experience of sexual abuse, by her mother and father, and physical abuse, by her mother. The clients disorganized attachment can also be attributed to her mothers lack of support in regards to her sexual abuse by her father, i.e., blaming the client for the abuse. Evidence of clients insecure attachment in early childhood can also be seen, currently, through clients dismissiveness, i.e., that she takes care of her mother despite the abuse, low self-concept (Berzoff, Flanagan, Hertz, 2011). C. Social/Behavioral Functioning Attachment insecurity, due to emotionally abusive parenting, adds to poor social functioning. In early attachment relationships, children begin to develop the skills needed to build future social relationships, such as self-awareness, empathy, negotiation, and conflict resolution. The security of attachment influences many areas of interpersonal relationships, including effectiveness in peer groups, reciprocity in relationships, empathy, problem solving, conflict resolution, and establishing close and intimate relationships with peers (Riggs, 2010). The clients social isolation, as evidenced by her lack of peer group, demonstrates the clients insecure attachment with caregivers. The clients lack of distrust in peers and adults is displayed through clients aggressive behaviors. D. Environmental Issues and Constraints Affecting the Situation The client lives in a neighborhood in which she would consider the ghetto. Client lives with her mother, although the relationship is unstable. Children with a very insecure attachment to their mothers are more likely than other children to live in high-risk families and environments (Kwako, Knoll, Putnam, Trickett, 2010). The client has experienced sexual, physical, and verbal abuse from her caregivers. African American families experience higher rates of poverty than families of other races. Living in poverty increases the risk of exposure to trauma and trauma is found more often in African American populations (Graves, Kaslow, Frabutt, 2010). The clients turbulent home environment, unsafe neighborhood, and lack of social supports and resources exacerbates clients distrust in others, social isolation, and negative self-concept. E. Motivation and Commitment to Services The clients mother does not support client attending school and would rather client take welfare services. Despite the clients mothers lack of support, the client is motivated to attend school to continue her education and be a positive mother for her children. F. Workers Understanding of Clients Presenting Situation/Problem The client is a sixteen year old, African-American teenage mother of two. The client has experienced severe childhood sexual trauma by her mother and father. The clients two pregnancies are results of sexual abuse from the clients father. The client lacks emotional support from her mother and is often ridiculed by her mother in terms of her appearance, intellectual functioning and overall being. Emotional abuse in the attachment relationship significantly increases the likelihood of developing insecure attachment, which is proven to be linked to low empathy and reciprocity, hostility or aggression and impulsivity, exploitation or ridicule by peers, social withdrawal or exclusion from group activities, and general patterns of un-relatedness and isolation (Riggs, 2010). The client lacks any type of social support from peers and, often times, interactions with peers result in aggressive confrontation. Clients distrust in peers and adults is evidenced by lack of nurturing relationships. Up to this point, client has not accessed community resources. Previous experience with racism frequently prevents African Americans from accessing assistance and/or services from organizations which historically have safeguarded Caucasians (Graves, Kaslow, Frabutt, 2010). Clients mother is distrusting of community institutions which may lead to clients inability to access support. According to attachment theory, a child forms representational models, i.e., internal working models, of attachment figures, of the self, and of self-in-relation to others based on their relationship with primary caregivers. When a childs caregiver responds in a sensitive, loving, and consistent manner, a working model of other as loving, reliable, and supportive is internalized. On the other hand, experiencing emotional abuse and neglect may instill damaging beliefs about the self, e.g., I am stupid, I am not worthy of attention, which may result in maladaptive models of self, other, and self in-relation to others. Instead of developing a working model of the self as worthy of love and attention, negative models of the self as worthless, incompetent, or powerless may result (Wright, Crawford, Castillo, 2009). Due to the clients mothers unstable and inconsistent caregiving patterns, client has developed a low concept of self, as evidenced by the clients feelings of unworthiness to h ave or accept any type of relationships. Although the client has experienced severe childhood trauma, insecure attachments with caregivers, and family and community instability, the client appears to be moderately resilient. Resilience refers to patterns of positive adaptation during or following major adversity or risk (Lopez Snyder, 2011). Faced with two pregnancies, unsupportive and abusive caregivers, and lack of social support, the client continues to be motivated to pursue her education, regain custody of her first child, and become a caring and loving mother to her children. III. Evidenced Based Practice Search This author began the search using the Google Scholar search engine with the term psychodynamic treatment for female African American adolescents of sexual abuse. This search yielded articles related to interventions for substance abuse. The same search term was used again but the term intervention was exchanged for the term treatment. This search yielded articles on cognitive behavioral interventions. This author then moved to using the search engine PsyhInfo. Terms including psychodynamic treatment, psychodynamic intervention, African American, adolescent and sexual abuse were again interchanged to aide in the search. This author then added the term sexual abuse survivor to the search. This search began to yield interventions related to psychodynamic interventions. This author began finding articles related to psychodynamic groups as a psychodynamic intervention. Continuing to use the PsychInfo search engine, this author then used search terms psychodynamic groups, adolescents, sexual abuse survivor and African American. This author was able to yield articles related to psychodynamic groups. This author then moved to using the University of Southern California Library to continue the search. This author again used the terms psychodynamic groups, adolescents, sexual abuse survivor and African American to yield further articles in regards to psychodynamic groups. This author was able to accumulate six articles in regards to psychodynamic group intervention. Overall, this author found it extremely difficult to find, in the literature, psychodynamic interventions specific to African American adolescents who have experienced sexual abuse. IV. Intervention Plan In the first years of childhood, the family is responsible for the care and development of the child. In healthy families, children learn they can depend of their environment to provide emotional security and physical safety. Children then gain behaviors which allow them to nurture their own emotional and physical health free from parents or caregivers. Poor health also can develop early in life. Children who live in families with characteristics such as family conflict, i.e., frequent episodes of anger or aggression, and lack of nurturing, i.e., relationships which are cold, unsupportive, and neglectful, can have negative consequences on mental and physical health (Repetti, Taylor, Seeman, 2002). Unfortunately, due to clients exposure to an abusive and un-nurturing environment, she has developed poor mental health, as seen by her moderate level of defense mechanisms, poor self-concept and lack of support. Due to the clients insecure attachment with caregivers, which has led to lack of support and untrusting nature to others, the intervention employed will be psychodynamic group psychotherapy. Because of clients young age, client will be more suitable for time limited psychodynamic group psychotherapy, which occurs between twelve and thirty sessions (Wise, 2009). The format used for psychodynamic group psychotherapy is verbal. The basis of the group should be to feel and talk, rather than act. Because it is a psychodynamic therapy, the therapist should wait for the group interactions to occur freely and then comment when appropriate (Wise, 2009). During the process of psychodynamic group psychotherapy, the therapist will attempt not to set agendas but follow the suggestions of the group. The belief is the group process will eventually lead to the most emotionally charged subjects if allowed to proceed without interruption. The therapist in the psychodynamic group psychotherapy session will attend to the group and individual members based on how the session begins (Rutan, 1992). The implementation of the psychodynamic group psychotherapy intervention is community based, therefore the client will need to access community organizations to utilize the treatment intervention. As previously noted, the client has not accessed community resources thus far. Another hurdle the client will have to overcome in order to maximize optimum results from the psychodynamic group psychotherapy intervention is a proper match to therapist leading the group and participation. Because client is untrusting of other others it may be difficult to engage client in group psychotherapy process. A therapist who creates an environment of acceptance, understanding and trust, and provides empathy and responsiveness will have a better chance of keeping and engaging challenging members (Gans Counselman, 2010). The goal of psychodynamic group psychotherapy is to make aware parts of the unconscious which result in negative distortions in present day perceptions (Rutan, 1992). Furthermore, goals of treatment are to assist in overcoming resistance to experiencing, expressing and understanding emotion. The psychodynamic group psychotherapy model allows for resolving the tension between suppression of emotions and explosiveness. The group format also allows for members to work together to manage and contain feelings (Wise, 2009). This aspect of psychodynamic group psychotherapy will be beneficial to client, as she has difficulty expressing her emotions, as evidenced by aggression towards peers. Although the client will gain emotional regulation skills through the psychodynamic group psychotherapy intervention, this will not be her main treatment goal. Psychodynamic group psychotherapy is also another way for individuals to interact within a system of relationships. This is beneficial due to most presenting problems having a relational context. Allowing individuals to interact and then reflect gives the individual the opportunity to use the group as a place to observe and change patterns (Wise, 2009). The client has expressed a desire to have safe, nurturing and loving relationships with others, but due to low self-concept does not feel worthy of such relationships. The clients goal for psychodynamic group psychotherapy will be to increase number of quality relationships from zero to at least two by the conclusion of the group sessions. The clients relationships will be measured by her own self-report, as well as therapist observations of her interactions and relationships with fellow members of the group and development of social skills. The catalyst for change in psychodynamic group psychotherapy includes change by imitation, i.e, learning by observing others, identification, i.e., unconsciously taking on traits or characteristics of others, and internalization. The therapeutic process develops using confrontation, explanation, interpretation and working through (Wise, 2009). Additionally, other therapeutic aspects which are addressed include support, self-revelation, learning, and self-understanding, with interpersonal learning as the utmost important (Wise, 2009). Because the client has developed negative internal working models, due to insecure attachment with caregivers, i.e. mother and father, the interactions with others in the group setting may begin to assist client in developing higher self-concept and more nurturing relationships. V. Discussion, Analysis and Rationale for Interventions Chosen Psychodynamic group psychotherapy was chosen as the intervention for the client due to her experience of sexual abuse by caregivers. Time limited, as well as ongoing psychodynamic group psychotherapy has been effective in treating women with a history of sexual abuse, due to the opportunity for the individual to reduce the feelings of isolation, guilt, and shame. An individual is able to effectively work through feelings when the individual is able to share their experience in a therapeutic environment comprised of compassion and acceptance. The psychodynamic group psychotherapy process provides an individual with the ability to incorporate a new object experience without devaluation or ridicule, while at the same time abandoning previous attachments which were associated with the original event and emotion (Nusbaum, 2000). When an individual is abused, the person tends to identify with the unloving, aggressive, and immoral characteristics of the superego rather than the gentle, loving and protective characteristics. The individual may interpret the caregivers failure to nurture and protect adequately as a sign they are unworthy and unlovable (Nusbaum, 2010). Evidence of these characteristics can be seen in the clients low self-concept and feelings of unworthiness to have any type of relationship. Within the psychodynamic group psychotherapy process, the group can demonstrate appropriate levels of protectiveness, love and concern to its members. Negative feelings often experienced by individuals with sexual abuse can often be eased through disclosure of the traumatic experience. The group can then provide corrective superego functions by not allowing its members to blame themselves for the experience, which may have been unavoidable and not their fault (Nusbaum, 2000). Psychodynamic group psychotherapy also deepens the alliance between group members and facilitates the development of relationships which can be observed and analyzed in the context of interpersonal fears and roadblocks. Furthermore, in psychodynamic group psychotherapy individuals can identify interpersonal conflicts and work through primary defense structures which are run by fears of trusting. Additionally, because abuse and neglect tend to occur in dysfunctional families, by successfully working through emotional conflict the psychodynamic group offers the opportunity for interpersonal learning and development of social skills, which are usually not modeled in dysfunctional homes (Nusbaum, 2000). This author is unable to implement the psychodynamic group psychotherapy intervention with the client but can visualize how the intervention would unfold with the client. In the first sessions this author would attempt to create a trusting, nurturing and safe environment where client would feel she could engage in the group process and share personal experience. According to psychodynamic theory, personality is formed developmentally. In this model each stage of development builds on the previous stage and each stage affects the following one. It is important to note in the therapeutic process, defects in earlier developmental stages can be corrected if that stage can be recalled, relieved and be affectively re-experienced and corrected in the here and now (Rutan, 1992). It will be pivotal for the clients treatment for her to share feelings, emotions and past experiences in order facilitate positive transformation. This author would predict the client would be difficult to engage initially due to her mistrust in others and feelings of unworthiness. After consistent nurturing, accepting, trusting and safe experiences in the psychodynamic group, this author would see the client begin to engage in the group process. Once the client begins to share personal experiences, feelings and emotions this author would utilize a specific intervention, the here and now. The here and now technique would allow this author to use the clients past experience to understand and explain occasions when she unconsciously repeats the past or misperceives the present based on what she has learned in the past (Rutan, 1992). This technique would allow self-learning and self-understanding in regards to how her past abuse and neglect as affected her current relationships. This author expects transference will likely surface in the therapeutic process with the client. Transference can be defined as the misrepresentation of present object relationships on the basis of early object relationships (Rutan, 1992). Transference will be beneficial in the therapeutic process with the client. It will allow for this author to gather information and explore the nature of early relationships based on the characteristics the client transfers on to this author (Rutan, 1992). Through the psychodynamic group psychotherapy process the clients main goal will to be to form quality, nurturing and trusting relationships. Relationships are important in forming personality, causing psychopathology, and curing psychiatric symptoms. As individuals develop in the psychodynamic group they are forming important relationships and, while doing so, every part of their character is emerging. Individuals reveal their defense mechanisms and transferences while, in turn, receiving feedback from the therapist and other members. There may not be any other therapeutic process where so much data is available to an individual about themselves as in psychodynamic group psychotherapy (Rutan, 1992).

Chapter Guide for “Twilight of Atheism” Essay

The classical version of atheism is vastly different than the atheism that is known today. – Some consider â€Å"modern atheism† as one of the greatest achievements of human intellect. Immortalization in Greek myths meant â€Å"infinite extension of existence, not the infinite projection of moral qualities† – Classical Greek atheism denied â€Å"traditional religion of the Athenian establishment† – Protestant reformers wrote against church’s corruption and straying from â€Å"authentic models of the New Testament† – Protestantism eventually gained popularity in Western Europe in 1600s -â€Å"Historical origins of modern atheism lie primarily in an extended criticism of the power and status of the church – The 18th century was regarded the â€Å"most creative period of atheist experimentation and reflection† Historians date the birth of ‘avowed’ or intentional atheism in Britain to around the year 1782 Credit for the serious advancement of atheism on he eve of the Victorian era is most due to William Godwin. He believed that social vision rested on the assumption of the perfectibility of humanity through reason. Mary Robinson wrote that, â€Å"nature was emancipated from being God’s creation, and became a divinity in its own right. Percy Shelley argued that since compelling evidence for the existence of God is lacking, here is no intellectual obligation to believe in God. However, Shelley never explicitly denies the existence of a God in general. Shelley seems to argue against institutional religion. Mary Ann Evans aka George Eliot, grew up an evangelical, but turned into an atheist because she was of the increasingly dogmatic and impersonal constructs of the Christian faith. Evans/Eliot turned to a religion of human sympathy, she believed that the moral aspects of faith could be maintained without Christianity. A. C. Swinburne was more avant-garde and aggressive in his approach to spreading atheism. He visualized god as a birch-wielding tyrant that oppresses humanity. Swineburne believed that only the rejection of God would open the way to human self-fulfillment. By the middle of the Nineteenth Century Jesus was seen as a moral sage, or as a role model. George Tyrrell was appalled that Jesus was seen as less captivating, but conceded that the Christ was a â€Å"pale reflection† of his biblical self. Chapter 6 Dostoyevsky was a Russian novelist that wrote on a fictional Russia that turned to atheism to solve its problems. While he showed attractive of that choice, he also presented some of its more troubling features. His criticisms were directed more toward the world God supposedly created, more than critiquing God himself. Nietzsche emphasized that the belief in the Christian God became unbelievable. Nietzsche admits that the realization that â€Å"God is dead† will travel slowly because it is just too â€Å"unthinkable†. For nihilism, a religious worldview is oppressive because it insists that we will be held accountable for our actions. In a nihilistic view, there are no sins, because nothing matters in the end. Albert Camus argued that human life is rendered meaningless by death, which prevents the individual from making sense of existence. For Camus death is not to be seen as a realize but as a denial of all of our accomplishments. However Atheism did not materialize as well in the United States. Many thinkers believed that if God was not in heaven, he could be found somewhere else. Chapter 7 â€Å"new atheism† embraces those who question God; people who consider themselves Agnostic. McGrath writes that atheism is not about the suspension of judging whether God exists, he states that true atheism is a firm disbelieve in God. He writes that true atheists view religion as outdated, enslaving, and a self-contradiction. McGrath criticizes the idea that if there was a God, why does he allow suffering, by showing the fact that many of the atrocities committed to humans are caused by other humans – the ones that are supposed to be the â€Å"new gods† In the 19th century people were invited to in-vision a world without God, but in the 20th it had already been attempted through the Soviet Union. But by 1980 it was obvious that this had not happened, in seemed to have reversed. John Henry Newman wrote that Christianity was a, â€Å"living organism still in the process of evolving and developing†. Pentecostalism seemed to become very popular in the years after the second World War. Pentecostalism stresses a direct, immediate experience with God, apposed to the more dry forms of worship in Christianity. It also uses a language that allows it to bridge cultural gaps easily. Chapter 8 – McGrath believes that Protestantism helped Atheism develop in some way. -Durning the Reformation the distinction between nature and God were widened a bit. The idea that the natural world was not sacred spread amongst popular thinkers. -They believed that even if God did create the world, we could not conceive God through it. They believed that God had to be known indirectly. Protestant reformers suspected that that medieval Catholicism occasionally degenerated into a folk religion of nature. -They believed that God revealed himself through the bible and preaching. He states that Protestantism encouraged the notion that God was absent from human culture and experience. This idea seems to mirror some of the ideas the budding ideas of Atheism. McGrath argues that protestantism took away some of the creativity of religion, which in turn made atheism seem more appealing. Atheism had a view of universality and a notion that it was above the common person. – Atheism has always been on the sidelines of American life and perhaps will remain there. – Signs of loss of confidence in atheism. – â€Å"Sun seems to be setting on an†¦Ã¢â‚¬Ëœempire of the mind’† Chapter 11 -Future of atheism lies in private belief, not in the public domain it once had. – Proved situation specific, not universal, and oppressing and not liberating. -Radical religious change led to tinkering with vocabulary instead of eliminating vices. Atheism confirms this theory. Nietzsche wrote, â€Å"God is dead, as a meaningful reality, but the people had to believe in something else if that was the case†. -Sigmund Freud stated that, â€Å"religion encouraged unhealthy and dysfunctional outlooks on life†. -Growing awareness for spirituality instead. -Religion brings together groups of people such as immigrants, creating communities. -In the US, atheism spawns organizations, not communities. -Atheism has not learned from their leader’s mistakes, and needs to grow leaders to fix it – Greatest virtue: moral seriousness. But atheism is in a twilight zone at the moment.

Purchasing Computer

For Instance, If they found a newer and cheaper way to produce computers, then the price of them would go down, making the emend rise even more. Some of this products substitute would be another factor. Substitutes are goods that are usually used In place of one another. Today, people are able to access the World Wide Internet through their cellular devices, Glenn them the opportunity to make the same transactions or do the same research that they would be able to do on their computers; this Is making It almost unnecessary to own a computer.There are also places like the public library that offers use of their computers at no cost to you, which is how I did all my homework and research for school before purchasing a computer. These substitutes could make the demand for computers to decrease, which in turn will cause the quantity to increase. There are some items that are made to complement computers, such as software or routers. Without some of these products, the computer that you p urchased may be of no use to you.In the case of schooling, there are requirements for certain software's that do not come already included in your computer purchase, and you also need to set up your means for internet connection, which would require a wireless router, broadband, dial-up, or Wi-If. Either way, your computer does not come already installed with these applications, they must be purchased separately. The impact that computers have on people's everyday life have made them nearly a necessity which can impact price elasticity. People need computers for home life, work, or communication, but they are an expensive product.So, people will shop around to try and find the best deals on the computer that they prefer. There are many deferent options available for someone looking to purchase a computer. There are desktops or laptops, PC or MAC, different sizes and storage capacities, and deferent suppliers. The choice of buying a computer provides many different options, giving th e price elasticity. Some are more expensive than others. Computers are changing every day, they are becoming smaller, easier to access, more options, and software.They are built Into our phones and GAPS systems, and can be found Just about anywhere. I believe that computers will always be a huge product which will be costly, but there are a few factors that may change that In the future. Because they have been around for so long, most people already own one, the ability to use public computers, and the efferent forms of technology that are being Invented every day, provide many different options for people that could steer them away from a regular desktop or laptop computer.Purchasing Computer By Jennie no need to purchase another one. New discoveries in technology could be a factor in the change of supply and demand. For instance, if they found a newer and cheaper Substitutes are goods that are usually used in place of one another. Today, people are able to access the World Wide in ternet through their cellular devices, giving them would be able to do on their computers; this is making it almost unnecessary to own ND find the best deals on the computer that they prefer.There are many different laptops, PC or MAC, different sizes and storage capacities, and different suppliers. Day; they are becoming smaller, easier to access, more options, and software. They are built into our phones and GAPS systems, and can be found Just about anywhere. I are a few factors that may change that in the future. Because they have been around for so long, most people already own one, the ability to use public computers, and the different forms of technology that are being invented every day, provide many