Chapter Guide for “Twilight of Atheism” Essay

The classical version of atheism is vastly different than the atheism that is known today. – Some consider â€Å"modern atheism† as one of the greatest achievements of human intellect. Immortalization in Greek myths meant â€Å"infinite extension of existence, not the infinite projection of moral qualities† – Classical Greek atheism denied â€Å"traditional religion of the Athenian establishment† – Protestant reformers wrote against church’s corruption and straying from â€Å"authentic models of the New Testament† – Protestantism eventually gained popularity in Western Europe in 1600s -â€Å"Historical origins of modern atheism lie primarily in an extended criticism of the power and status of the church – The 18th century was regarded the â€Å"most creative period of atheist experimentation and reflection† Historians date the birth of ‘avowed’ or intentional atheism in Britain to around the year 1782 Credit for the serious advancement of atheism on he eve of the Victorian era is most due to William Godwin. He believed that social vision rested on the assumption of the perfectibility of humanity through reason. Mary Robinson wrote that, â€Å"nature was emancipated from being God’s creation, and became a divinity in its own right. Percy Shelley argued that since compelling evidence for the existence of God is lacking, here is no intellectual obligation to believe in God. However, Shelley never explicitly denies the existence of a God in general. Shelley seems to argue against institutional religion. Mary Ann Evans aka George Eliot, grew up an evangelical, but turned into an atheist because she was of the increasingly dogmatic and impersonal constructs of the Christian faith. Evans/Eliot turned to a religion of human sympathy, she believed that the moral aspects of faith could be maintained without Christianity. A. C. Swinburne was more avant-garde and aggressive in his approach to spreading atheism. He visualized god as a birch-wielding tyrant that oppresses humanity. Swineburne believed that only the rejection of God would open the way to human self-fulfillment. By the middle of the Nineteenth Century Jesus was seen as a moral sage, or as a role model. George Tyrrell was appalled that Jesus was seen as less captivating, but conceded that the Christ was a â€Å"pale reflection† of his biblical self. Chapter 6 Dostoyevsky was a Russian novelist that wrote on a fictional Russia that turned to atheism to solve its problems. While he showed attractive of that choice, he also presented some of its more troubling features. His criticisms were directed more toward the world God supposedly created, more than critiquing God himself. Nietzsche emphasized that the belief in the Christian God became unbelievable. Nietzsche admits that the realization that â€Å"God is dead† will travel slowly because it is just too â€Å"unthinkable†. For nihilism, a religious worldview is oppressive because it insists that we will be held accountable for our actions. In a nihilistic view, there are no sins, because nothing matters in the end. Albert Camus argued that human life is rendered meaningless by death, which prevents the individual from making sense of existence. For Camus death is not to be seen as a realize but as a denial of all of our accomplishments. However Atheism did not materialize as well in the United States. Many thinkers believed that if God was not in heaven, he could be found somewhere else. Chapter 7 â€Å"new atheism† embraces those who question God; people who consider themselves Agnostic. McGrath writes that atheism is not about the suspension of judging whether God exists, he states that true atheism is a firm disbelieve in God. He writes that true atheists view religion as outdated, enslaving, and a self-contradiction. McGrath criticizes the idea that if there was a God, why does he allow suffering, by showing the fact that many of the atrocities committed to humans are caused by other humans – the ones that are supposed to be the â€Å"new gods† In the 19th century people were invited to in-vision a world without God, but in the 20th it had already been attempted through the Soviet Union. But by 1980 it was obvious that this had not happened, in seemed to have reversed. John Henry Newman wrote that Christianity was a, â€Å"living organism still in the process of evolving and developing†. Pentecostalism seemed to become very popular in the years after the second World War. Pentecostalism stresses a direct, immediate experience with God, apposed to the more dry forms of worship in Christianity. It also uses a language that allows it to bridge cultural gaps easily. Chapter 8 – McGrath believes that Protestantism helped Atheism develop in some way. -Durning the Reformation the distinction between nature and God were widened a bit. The idea that the natural world was not sacred spread amongst popular thinkers. -They believed that even if God did create the world, we could not conceive God through it. They believed that God had to be known indirectly. Protestant reformers suspected that that medieval Catholicism occasionally degenerated into a folk religion of nature. -They believed that God revealed himself through the bible and preaching. He states that Protestantism encouraged the notion that God was absent from human culture and experience. This idea seems to mirror some of the ideas the budding ideas of Atheism. McGrath argues that protestantism took away some of the creativity of religion, which in turn made atheism seem more appealing. Atheism had a view of universality and a notion that it was above the common person. – Atheism has always been on the sidelines of American life and perhaps will remain there. – Signs of loss of confidence in atheism. – â€Å"Sun seems to be setting on an†¦Ã¢â‚¬Ëœempire of the mind’† Chapter 11 -Future of atheism lies in private belief, not in the public domain it once had. – Proved situation specific, not universal, and oppressing and not liberating. -Radical religious change led to tinkering with vocabulary instead of eliminating vices. Atheism confirms this theory. Nietzsche wrote, â€Å"God is dead, as a meaningful reality, but the people had to believe in something else if that was the case†. -Sigmund Freud stated that, â€Å"religion encouraged unhealthy and dysfunctional outlooks on life†. -Growing awareness for spirituality instead. -Religion brings together groups of people such as immigrants, creating communities. -In the US, atheism spawns organizations, not communities. -Atheism has not learned from their leader’s mistakes, and needs to grow leaders to fix it – Greatest virtue: moral seriousness. But atheism is in a twilight zone at the moment.

Purchasing Computer

For Instance, If they found a newer and cheaper way to produce computers, then the price of them would go down, making the emend rise even more. Some of this products substitute would be another factor. Substitutes are goods that are usually used In place of one another. Today, people are able to access the World Wide Internet through their cellular devices, Glenn them the opportunity to make the same transactions or do the same research that they would be able to do on their computers; this Is making It almost unnecessary to own a computer.There are also places like the public library that offers use of their computers at no cost to you, which is how I did all my homework and research for school before purchasing a computer. These substitutes could make the demand for computers to decrease, which in turn will cause the quantity to increase. There are some items that are made to complement computers, such as software or routers. Without some of these products, the computer that you p urchased may be of no use to you.In the case of schooling, there are requirements for certain software's that do not come already included in your computer purchase, and you also need to set up your means for internet connection, which would require a wireless router, broadband, dial-up, or Wi-If. Either way, your computer does not come already installed with these applications, they must be purchased separately. The impact that computers have on people's everyday life have made them nearly a necessity which can impact price elasticity. People need computers for home life, work, or communication, but they are an expensive product.So, people will shop around to try and find the best deals on the computer that they prefer. There are many deferent options available for someone looking to purchase a computer. There are desktops or laptops, PC or MAC, different sizes and storage capacities, and deferent suppliers. The choice of buying a computer provides many different options, giving th e price elasticity. Some are more expensive than others. Computers are changing every day, they are becoming smaller, easier to access, more options, and software.They are built Into our phones and GAPS systems, and can be found Just about anywhere. I believe that computers will always be a huge product which will be costly, but there are a few factors that may change that In the future. Because they have been around for so long, most people already own one, the ability to use public computers, and the efferent forms of technology that are being Invented every day, provide many different options for people that could steer them away from a regular desktop or laptop computer.Purchasing Computer By Jennie no need to purchase another one. New discoveries in technology could be a factor in the change of supply and demand. For instance, if they found a newer and cheaper Substitutes are goods that are usually used in place of one another. Today, people are able to access the World Wide in ternet through their cellular devices, giving them would be able to do on their computers; this is making it almost unnecessary to own ND find the best deals on the computer that they prefer.There are many different laptops, PC or MAC, different sizes and storage capacities, and different suppliers. Day; they are becoming smaller, easier to access, more options, and software. They are built into our phones and GAPS systems, and can be found Just about anywhere. I are a few factors that may change that in the future. Because they have been around for so long, most people already own one, the ability to use public computers, and the different forms of technology that are being invented every day, provide many

Essay on Jean-Paul Sartre Conscience to the World

Jean-Paul Sartre: Conscience to the World At the time of his death on the fifteenth of April, 1980, at the age of seventy-four, Jean-Paul Sartre’s greatest literary and philosophical works were twenty-five years in the past. Although the small man existed in the popular mind as the politically inconsistent champion of unpopular causes and had spent the last seven years of his life in relative stagnation, his influence was still great enough to draw a crowd of over fifty thousand people – admirers or otherwise – for his funeral procession. Sartre was eminently quotable, a favorite in the press, because his statements were always controversial. He was the leader of the shortly popular Existential movement in philosophy which turned†¦show more content†¦He learned to read at age four and was soon reading voraciously books in French and German, including the Encyclopedia and such authors as Voltaire, Hugo, and Flaubert (about whom he would write an enormous biography late in life). Though he cou ldn’t understand the meaning behind these works, the young Sartre felt his place was in words, and began to write his own, usually adventure stories with himself cast as the hero, diary entries, and letters in verse to his delighted and proud grandfather. [Madsen, 29-32] While Karl Schweitzer was turning his grandson into an adult, he was turning his daughter back into a child. She had been little educated in her youth and her father believed that she could not handle herself as an adult. The two were raised, in effect, as brother and sister. Anne-Marie loved Jean-Paul as a son, but she had no control over his doings, and often fought over his upbringing with Karl. She did not want to see her son turned into an adult at so young an age, and so she smuggled comic books and children’s novels to him. These interactions between mother and grandfather, the constant struggle for little Poulou’s attention and affection built up his ego and gave him an enormous self-confidence that supported him throughout life. [Gerassi, 46-8]. Relation to Gardner’s Model All of Gardner’sShow MoreRelatedRacism In Jean Paul Sartre1548 Words   |  7 PagesJean-Paul Sartre, France and the world’s greatest philosophers of the 20th century, was a witness to two world wars. Being in the heart of it all shaped his personality and his views in many ways. Sartre was one of the first to address the silence on the Jewish treatment during and after the Second World War. By doing so; he started a chain reaction that formed a whole new school of thought where an entire generation of philosophers tried to answer the fundamental questions about anti-Semitism specificallyRead MoreTV Show: The Office1451 Words   |  6 Pagesemployed at Dunder-Mifflin Scranton, a branch of a paper-selling company located in Pennsylvania. Under the management of clueless Michael Scott, characters such as Dwight Schrute, Jim Halpert, and Pam Beesly must hold their jobs in the corporate world while facing company failures, romantic encounters, and lost dreams. Despite the ir seemingly superficial appearance, the characters of The Office reflect complex ideas about morals, existence, and free will through their comical fallacies. The popularRead MorePlato s Views On The Philosophy Of Human Nature1984 Words   |  8 Pagesreasons best under conditions in which it is the furthest removed from the body as possible (Phaedo). Thus, Plato views the body as a hindrance to the mind and soul in the sense that the body and its connection to the phenomenal/physical world deceive the mind in the world of ideas (â€Å"Plato’s Republic†). Plato conveys this in one of his dialogues, in which Socrates says, â€Å"Then he will do this most perfectly who approaches the object with thought alone, without associating any sight with his thought, orRead More Form Versus Chaos Essay2882 Words   |  12 Pagesdeny our entire being. Seduced by anarchy in a world where â€Å"everything’s cracking up,† we must find our own truth, a balance betwe en our fragmentation and the totality of our existence (1). As in Gilman’s â€Å"Yellow Wallpaper,† an inert, threatening madness lurks around us, perpetuated by the existence of the Other. We are essentially defined by how we appear to be, through our relationships with other people. Using the keyhole incident in Jean-Paul Sartre’s Being and Nothingness as an example:Read MoreJohn Stuart Mill, Berlin, And Sartre2059 Words   |  9 PagesName Professor Course Date Positive and Negative Freedom: According to Augustine, Mill, Berlin, and Sartre As one of the most important concepts in philosophy, freedom always attracted the attention of the thinkers. Such outstanding philosophers as Saint Augustine, John Stuart Mill, Jean-Paul Sartre, and Isaiah Berlin provide valuable responses to the problem of freedom, which are still actual. For instance, Isaiah Berlin can be considered the true ideologist of dialectic of freedom, dividing thisRead MoreSartres Existentialism1745 Words   |  7 PagesShortcomings of Sartre’s Existentialism [1] Philosophy is the manner in which we describe the world around us. We develop our moral code and way of life based off of this definition, so the philosophy that we adhere to is a guiding factor in the way in which we live. In his speech â€Å"Existentialism is a Humanism, † Jean-Paul Sartre defends his philosophy, existentialism, against its critics by arguing that for human existence, precedes essence (20) because we have free will. Due to this, our essenceRead MoreExistentialism : Existentialism And Existentialism1186 Words   |  5 PagesHumanism In Existentialism is a humanism, French philosopher and existentialist Jean-Paul Sartre defends existentialism from 20th century critics who believed that its overly subjective nature promotes anguish, abandonment, and despair. Sartre explains these common misconceptions about existentialism and argues that it is not a pessimist point of view, but the complete opposite. In what follows, I will explain how Sartre not only invalidates the surging misconceptions, but how he also turns his explanationRead MoreA New Understanding And Renewed Perception Of Ones Self And Their World911 Words   |  4 Pagestheir world. Shakespeare’s play â€Å"The Tempest†, demonstrates the arduous nature of self-discovery by exploring how it invokes careful planning and preparation. This ideology is mirrored in Jean-Paul Sartre’s novel ‘Nausea†, whereby the protagonist must endure adversity in order to reach self-growth. In contrast, James Marsh’s film, â€Å"The Theory of Everything† portrays a sudden and unexpected self-discovery where adversity follows. These three composers utilise the concerns condemned in our world throughRead MoreExistentialism And The Existentialist Ideas Behind Existentialism1186 Words   |  5 Pagesdeterminations, should they choose to act within that reality. To explore the ideas behind existentialism I will discuss the strengths and weaknesses of a few main features of existentialism and give particular focus to the existentialist ideas of Jean-Paul Sartre. Existentialism One of the main concepts of existentialism is the acknowledgment of our own impermanence, in that we will die and cease to exist in any conscious fashion. Nietzsche, saw this as an important part of existentialism, the rejectingRead MoreWhat Are The Top Four Mainstream Philosophical Views On Human Purpose1936 Words   |  8 Pagesworldview, the specifically secularized form of existentialism does remove the need for divinely orchestrated purpose. It does so by placing the value of humanity in its own freedom. Jean Paul Sartre said that â€Å"Man is condemned to be free; because once thrown into the world, he is responsible for everything he does (Sartre, Being and Nothingness, an Essay on Phenomenological Ontology).† From this perspective, the only true morality is the morality of freedom, in which the only crime is subjecting oneself

The Collapse Of The Western Empire - 1428 Words

As with every turning point in any society, changes occur because of multiple dynamics that were occurring during a point in history. Through a chain reaction to many dynamics the Roman Empire divided and eventually the Western Empire collapsed. The collapse of the Western Empire allowed for one type of governing to developed in that region. And different form of authority, had been developing since Constantine had moved the Eastern empire capital into Byzantine. These two halves of the once Roman Empire held very different ideals on how authority should be viewed and how a government should be formed. These difference lead an increasing sharp tension between the East and West that to some regards can be seen in today’s society still. Why did the Eastern Empire collapse? There were many factors that contributed to this ultimate destruction of the Empire. According to one of our handouts, Edward Gibbon work in the four volumes of The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire gave us these points: â€Å"Prosperity ripened the principle of decay; the cause of destruction multiplied with the extent of conquest and, as soon as time or accident had removed the artificial supports, the stupendous fabric yielded to the pressure of its own weight†¦The victorious legions, who, in distant wars, acquired the vices of strangers and mercenaries, first oppressed the freedom of the republic, and afterwards violated the majesty of the purple. The emperors, anxious for their personal safety and theShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Fall of the Western Empire in the Fifth Century532 Words   |  3 PagesRoman Empire into the east and the west. The Eastern Roman Empire held a series of advantages over the west both socially and economically. The Western Roman Empire was the weaker empire and a bad leadership and government along with attacks from barbarians led to the demise of the Western Roman Empire. However the Roman Empire was severely weakened by the fourth century and the government was less capable of withstanding the barbarian attacks. There are many reasons for the collapse of theRead MoreCauses of the Fall of the Roman Empire Essay1421 Words   |  6 PagesFor a long period of time, Rome seemed like an unstoppable empire. It conquered the majority of the land surrounding it, including Greece, Turkey, Iraq, and many of its other neighboring countries. It seemed as though Rome would conquer the entire world, as it was the center of it, until it began to decline in 476 C.E. The very aspects that made it so successful were the ones that caused its collapse. Various political, religious, and economic reasons caused its downfall. The fact that the entireRead MoreThe Fall Of Rome Roman Empire905 Words   |  4 PagesRome The Western Roman Empire was once at the pinnacle of civilisation, widely regarded as one of the largest empires in history. Their extreme wealth made them the pioneers in warfare, medicine, architecture, politics, culture and philosophy. At its peak in 117 AD, it spanned over 5,000,000 square kilometres, and had a population of almost 57,000,000 people. In spite of its sheer power and level of innovation, The Western Roman Empire fell in 476 AD. The fall of the Western Roman Empire can be accreditedRead MoreRoman Empire Essay943 Words   |  4 PagesThe Roman Empire was one of the greatest and longest lasting empires to date, but by A.D. 476 the empire was divided in two and its downfall was inevitable. There are many reasons for the downfall of the Western Roman Empire, some political some economical, but the four biggest factors were religion, war, size, and the decline of the Military. The problems that brought about the downfall of the Western Roman Empire were not unsolvable, but the leaders lacked the will and organization to fix themRead MoreModel Essay Comparison Essay Post-Classical Civilizations1304 Words   |  6 PagesQuestion: With the collapse of the classical civilizations, post-classical civilizations arose shortly thereafter. Compare the factors that led to the rise post-classical civilizations from 500 CE to 1200CE between two of the following regions- Europe, East Asia, Africa or the Middle East. Model Essay Comparison Essay Post-Classical Civilizations With the collapse of the Roman, Gupta and Han empires, the world was left in a period of chaos with little structure in most areas. However afterRead MoreThe Fall Of The Roman Empire856 Words   |  4 PagesAlthough it was believed that the Roman Empire would never come to an end, inevitably it fell. The Roman Empire is an extremely historic empire that left a massive legacy behind. It collapsed during the fifth century. The empire was having serious military struggles. They received threats from other European tribes along with diminished military funding. A military who does not have proper funding will slowly fall apart. Other than the military, the Roman Empire had a few key social and cultural problemsRead MoreThe Fall of the Roman Empire: Study Guide1082 Words   |  5 PagesThe Fall of the Roman Empire †¢ Emperor Marcus Aurelius (reigned A.D. 161-180) – the end of his reign caused a loss of peace and prosperity: the Pax Romana †¢ Tribes outside boundaries and pirates in the Mediterranean disrupted trade †¢ Had no new sources of silver and gold and as a result the government raised taxes †¢ Government starts minting coins with less silver and made more money with the same amount of metals which caused inflation- a drastic drop in the value of money coupled with a riseRead More The Fall of the Roman Empire Due to Army, Citizens, Barbarianism1587 Words   |  7 PagesThere were many causes of the decline, and eventual fall, of the Roman empire. The deficient Emperor role led to the lacking military response to invasions, civil war and peasant uprisings.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ROMAN EMPIRE AND ITS EMPEROR   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ever since the adoptive system which was installed by Marcus Aurelius was never reinstalled after his death, effective leadership in governing Rome was lacking. It was clearly visible that the Roman Emperor was the backbone of Roman stability and therefore theRead MoreThe Fall Of The Roman Empire1419 Words   |  6 PagesThe Roman Empire was a powerful governing body of extensive political and social structures throughout western civilization. How did this empire fall and were internal factories responsible? Slow occurrences in succession to one another led to the fall of the empire rather than one single event. The fall of the Roman Empire was a combination of both internal and external pressures, not just one, leading up to the complete decay of the cities—Rome and Constantinople. However, one could argue how oneRead MoreThe Economic Expansion Of Venice1738 Words   |  7 Pagescountries, such as Rome which took steps for institutional innovations. Rome changed from the Republic (510 BC–49 BC) to the Empire (49 BC–AD 476). Western Europe’s subsequent institutional development, though it was not a direct inheritance of Rome, was a consequence of critical junctures that were common across the region in the wake of the collapse of the Western Roman Empire. These critical junctures had little parallel in other parts of the world, such as Africa, Asia, or the Americas, though we

Analysis Of The Article Techniques Of Neutralising...

Wildlife crime is a seriously under-researched topic, even though it can be a highly controversial topic, that has been the focus of the media many times in recent history. By writing the article ‘Techniques of neutralising wildlife crime in rural England and Wales’ Enticott begins to explore and open up this area of criminology, whilst offering a deep insight into how neutralisation techniques can be applied to a wide variety of crimes. Enticott begins his article by introducing the idea of rural crime, and what a focus on rural crime could offer to criminology as a whole. This article focuses on the reasons why farmers throughout England and Wales illegally cull badgers, keyly it draws on the ideas of Sykes and Matza’s (1957)†¦show more content†¦This paper may also be of use to wildlife policy makers, as it explains the way in which farmers, who can commit wildlife crime, feel about committing these crimes and they do it. For those who are particularly interested in the badger and bovine tuberculosis, as the author is, it may also give the, a deeper understanding of how farmers would react to new methods of controlling badgers to prevent the future spread of bovine tuberculosis. It is evident to the reader from early on in the text what Enticott is arguing within this article, the thesis is that farmers within England and Wales deploy multiple neutralisation techniques when illegally culling badgers in order to justify and rationalise their actions. Exploring this thesis is important to the field of criminology as it can be expanded to the whole of wildlife crime, and show why various crimes against wildlife are committed. The article is structured in such a manner that readers are aware of the cultural history of badgers and the disease bovine tuberculosis, as well as key theories before Enticott goes on to analyse. This presentation and explanation of these theories are clear and informative, and the use of appropriate subheadings within the article make it easy for the reader to see the clear structure that the author is following. In the essay, the author supports his points by using evidence from research that was

Security Concerns of Cloud Computing-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Security Concerns of Cloud Computing as well as the cloud computing technologies. Answer: Technology description Cloud computing security controls Cloud computing security controls refer to the technologies that are used to monitor the data which is stored in the cloud. There is an increased insecurity level on the internet as a result of networking. Cybercrimes are growing, and breaches on the data are increasing on the website of organizations. Bringing these technologies into use will help in minimizing these risks thus creating a reliable cloud computing activities. Cloud computing refers to the process which involves the use of remote network servers which are hosted on the internet for data storage, management, and processing. This reduces the dependency of a personal computer to store data for firms. The cloud security controls technology has the ability to safeguard weaknesses which are likely to be used as a way of attack. Nevertheless, they have the potential to reduce the attacks effects. There are several categories of these security measures, and they can be divided into the following: Deterrent controls: they are meant to lower the levels of attacks on the cloud system. Detective controls: these identify the incidents of risk that take place hence providing one Preventive controls: these are intended to prevent activities such as hacking into the system. Cloud security controls technologies came into place due to increased complaints of people invading the private information of some firms with different intentions. Some steal information with the aim of bringing the company down by stealing its financial resources, creative labor forces among several other things. To ensure the efficiency of cloud computing in firms, these technologies are a necessity. Technology solution How will this technology impact the security of the data? The cloud has several complex security challenges which need to be protected at all costs. For instance, if a financial organization, like lets say a bank has some of its data stored using cloud computing, what will happen if such information leaks to the people? Most cyber-attacks do aim at getting financial benefits. If such sites are not protected, there are high chances that hackers will get access to the information. The cloud computing security technology has a positive impact on the data. It ensures the following: Data is safely transferred from devices to the cloud via networks. Security threats and vulnerabilities are detected before they cause damage to the information. Once identified, the necessary approaches can be taken to control the risks. The maximum amount of data is encrypted in a language that others cannot understand. This is increasing the security level during the transfer of data. Even if someone intercepts it on the way, he/she will not be in a position to understand what it means. For the person, the data is meaningless; it only makes sense for the one who encrypted it. Why is this technology needed? There is a number of reasons as to why the cloud security technologies are of great essence to a firm. Some of them include: There is a great need to protect confidential government data, business information as well as regulatory data. Imagine leaking out the Australian army information to the public. There are high chances that it will get into the hands of the nations enemies such as terrorist groups who will use it to attack. Having the documents will inform them of the weaknesses in the government, and they will use this to their advantage. With the aid of the preventive technologies, detective, and deterrent controls, the government is able to manage data security effectively. Auditing of data in the cloud needs to be regulated. If people just have access, they can manipulate the information of the company and lead to losses. Any logging activities get detected by the cloud security control technologies, and they are reported to the primary server where more safety measures can be taken to prevent more attacks. The main objective of the cloud computing security technologies is to ensure that applications, data, and any associated infrastructure to cloud computing is well protected. These technologies are used by the service providers to make sure that most of the time, the kind of infrastructure they are providing to their clients is safe for data storage, processing, and analysis. Without a safe infrastructure, customers are exposed to the dangers of the web which include piracy, cyber crimes like hacking among others. With this technologies, data is often encrypted to ensure that it is private. There are several applications such as Oracle and ServiceNow which are helpful in encrypting data. The good thing with these products/software is that they have the ability to intercept data and replace it with random encryption for security purposes. The diagram below shows cloud data protection and security solution. The following are the Cloud data security capabilities: The cloud data security is able to propagate across several enterprise clouds easily while protecting data. It can support multiple models hence minimizing expenditures. With this kind of protection, the cloud computing security technologies will add several values to the data privacy of the company. This is more especially with companies which intend to allow their employees to bring with them their mobile devices to work as a way of improving the work rate. When companies allow employees to work with their mobile devices, there are increased chances of information leakage. One thing with cell phones is that they can get lost at any time due to their portability. If they get into the wrong hands, information which is supposed to remain private might spread to many people creating a significant threat to the company or concerned clients. To minimize the effects of the mobile devices in the work environment, most firms have adopted cloud computing as a way to keep their data safe. This is because: Cloud computing provides enough space for data keeping. When working with personal electronic gadgets in the firm, it is advisable that the data should remain within the organization. However, some people might be tempted to move out with the information which might be accessed by others intentionally or unintentionally. With networking in place, now all the devices get networked to the cloud where all the information gets stored. To ensure that it is safe, the cloud computing security technologies are employed. They help to regulate data to and from the server. Only people with passwords are able to access the site. These technologies have improved a lot in ensuring data is kept safe. Nowadays, only a few individuals hold information on their mobile devices. By providing backup information, much security is assured. Losing information due to machine breakdown is a kind of insecurity in a firm. When information is lost, there are high chances that your clients will feel insecure with the services provided. As a result, they will shift their attention to other organization. Losing such people is a loss to a business firm with the aim of increasing the sales hence high returns inwards. By providing encrypt data, most people will not be able to understand the message in it until it is processed. This increases the security level of the data in the cloud. In case anybody tries to access it, the detective controls send messages, and the activity can be monitored. Increased security systems in business are what lead to the attainment of organizational goals. It is the priority of every firm to keep the employee's data safe. Customers are obligated to know: That their data is secure. This is what will create a long-term relationship with them. Consumers should be able to trust that the privacy of the data they store on the cloud is high and it is only visible to them whenever they need it. Other cloud security technologies that will impact data security positively include: Cloud Firewall It has the ability to support a distributed environments. Different users are able to operate from different locations, yet the data remains secure. Some of the ways it helps to protect data include preventing data loss through the transfer of files and prevents malware attacks. Through the use of a securely hosted getaway, the cloud firewall assures clients the security of their data. The impact of this kind of protection is that it encourages more people to invest in cloud computing since their data is transferred safely. Cloud Application Security This kind of security technology protects the cloud applications. This is vital to the service providers as well as the customers. Protecting the software should be the priority of the organization. If you cannot provide security to your application, how can you protect the data? Maximum security of information is only available once one is able to protect the software that handles the information. It will not be wrong to say that the one who owns the software is the one who owns the information. He/she can be able to manipulate the data. Without the cloud application security, there will be an adverse impact on the data stored since one might be denied an opportunity to access the software. With no access to the software, no changes can be made. Hence, all the information is lost. It is thereby recommended to keep up to date with the changes in the technology industry Organizational change assessment There are several ways through which the cloud security technology can change an organizations activities and processes. This in most cases will affect the IT department first, then the entire organization. Some of the big changes which can be experienced in the institutions include the Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) to the workplace concept. Several companies fear to allow individuals to come with their own devices such as mobile phones, IPads, tablets, and laptops to the work environment to use in accomplishing their tasks. This is due to the issue of internet security. With knowledge of the cloud security technologies and software, these processes will change. The BYOD strategy has several advantages which will ensure the success of any organization that values IT. Such benefits include: Increased work rate. In the case a starting company, IT technologies might be limited. This means that the amount of workload will be minimal. Allowing the employees to come with their technologies to work might help solve the problem before bringing in enough resources to the company. Now, with the availability of these technologies, there assured security for cloud computing which provides them with data storage platform (Alani, p.16). Employees like working with the technologies they understand better. For instance, in a scenario where an organization upgrades all their computers to Windows 10 most employees will be faced with challenges. Some people do not adjust fast to changes; some are only well informed of windows 7. Windows 10 will just be stressing them. One thing for sure about change is that there is no way some sections of the institution will be left without change. The best way to go about it is to educate these people how to adjust. But before then, it will be wise to let them bring what they are familiar with to the office. This will facilitate work output despite change. Most companies fear cloud computing due to the recent mobile insecurities. Several systems and websites have been hacked and brought down, while others infected with viruses (Belussi et al., p.33). This has forced the organizations to look for huge storage facilities to keep their data in. These storages occupy a lot of space in offices thus leading to congestion. Nevertheless, hard drives are prone to tear and wear. After some time, they might lose the data if the drives get spoiled or the premises get invaded. Cloud computing security technologies have changed the way this is done (Messier, n.d). With the assurance of high-security levels, firms have moved to storing their data online. There is no need to keep moving with bulky drives around which can get lost and bring great damage to many. The need to change how to store data comes with the desire to keep track of information permanently. When people store documents, for example, others may come in and misplace them. A misplaced document is as good as a lost document since it cannot help when needed. Technology is moving very fast, and so should businesses do. Documents stored in the cloud do not get lost easily. Nevertheless, they can be tracked easily. With information online, CEOs can access the companys data from their homesteads, assign duties and manage other important things while on seminars outside the country. Internet threats and vulnerabilities bring great harm to the data. For instance, viruses might delete data while it is being transferred to the cloud storage. In fact, most data get lost during transfer. With the help of the cloud firewall, such activities are minimized. The threats get detected before they cause more data loss and are eliminated from the way. Now that IT experts have learned the benefits of the cloud computing security technologies, then it is their responsibility to implement it to the entire organizational processes which involve online activities and transactions. There are reasons as to why implementing these cloud security software will serve best (Cloud Computing Security, P.40). Among them include: Client trust Clients need to trust the safety of the information they provide you with. Secure the firm's privacy Every firm has secrets behind their success which should not be made public. Such include organizational culture and practices. Increase work output Work output will be increased in a number of The first one is that these cloud security technologies will help to reduce virus infection into the system which leads to slow work rates. And secondly, it will allow BYOD model in the organizations. Increase the efficiency and speed of the process. With the ability to support multiple clients, the cloud computing technology facilitates the speed at which an organization produces. Relying on the same server also leads to uniformity (Bhowmik, P.66). Create a source of backup Cloud computing provides a reliable backup platform. With a large capacity to hold information, the entire data of the organization can be backed up. Even if the premises burn down, for instance, only the hardware and infrastructure get destroyed. The data of running it will remain intact for a long time with the security measures in place. How the organization can adopt the changes Change is something which most people fear since it comes with a cost (Barnett, William, Glenn, p.11). However, this should not be a thing to prevent the organizations from switching to cloud computing. The first step is to identify the IT resources of the company and the kind of data which should be given priority. Not all information must be kept in the cloud. For instance, if a company has allowed the use of BYOD technologies, then it is the responsibility of every employee to ensure that the security measures are well-employed in their devices. Employing skilled IT experts will help the organization to install the cloud security software appropriately and ensure a continuous update (Floyd, P.8) There are several models which can be used to ensure that the implementations are made successful. Perimeter security model Using strong passwords is also another way of preventing unauthorized entry into data that is stored in the cloud. Some people use simple passwords like for instance, 1234. This kind of passwords can be easily cracked. In other cases, untrusted employees in the organization just decide to leak out the passwords to their friends. Despite the security measures put in place, they will still get access to the server and destroy the data they intend to. To prevent such from happening with an objective of ensuring that the security measures put in place is effective, organizations should provide passwords to specific people. In any organization, there are often different communication channels. They include upward, horizontal, and vertical communication. The few individuals with access to information will share it with the rest of the team. This is to minimize information leakage. Information is the driving force of a company. Every little piece of detail found in the data stored in the cloud is vital. If taken away, the building block is affected (Information Security, P.51). Therefore, maximum caution must be taken into account when online data storage is considered as an option to back up your information. Especially if dealing with financial statements, keeping watch at all times will serve as the best security (Bishop, P.47). But how will this be possible? Cloud security controls technologies are in place. Make use of the preventive controls to ensure that harm does not come into your data. Use the detective controls to know and counter the risks which might come into your information systems (Rhodes, n.d). And finally, there are deterrent controls and cloud firewall. The deterrent controls will aid in the reduction of the attacks. The cloud firewall will enable a wide area coverage from different users while at the same time ensuring that data transfer i s secure (Jeanes, P.10). Works Cited. Alani, Mohammed M. Elements of Cloud Computing Security: A Survey of Key Practicalities. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. Print Barnett, William P, and Glenn Carroll. Organizational Change. Berkeley, CA: University of California at Berkeley, Center for Research in Management, Consortium on Competitiveness Cooperation, 2013. Print. Belussi, Alberto, Barbara Catania, Eliseo Clementini, and Elena Ferrari. Spatial Data on the Web: Modeling and Management. Berlin: Springer, 2017. Print. Bishop, Matt. Information Security. Place of publication not identified: Springer International Pu, 2016. Print Bhowmik, Sandeep. Cloud Computing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017. Internet resource Information Security. London: DISC, 2013. Print Cloud Computing Security. Cisco Systems, 2012. Print. Data Storage. New York, NY, USA: Engineering Information, 2014. Print. Endrijonas, Janet. Data Security. Rocklin, Calif: Prima Pub, 2015. Print Floyd, Peter. Organizational Change. Oxford [England: Capstone Pub, 2012. Print. Jackson, Kevin, Egle Sigler, and Cody Bunch. Openstack Cloud Computing Cookbook: Over 110 Effective Recipes to Help You Build and Operate Openstack Cloud Computing, Storage, Networking, and Automation. , 2015. Internet resource Jeanes, David L. Data Security. , 2014. Print. Messier, Ric. Collaboration with Cloud Computing: Security, Social Media, and Unified Communications. , 2014. Internet resource Poole, Marshall S, and de V. A. H. Van. Handbook of Organizational Change and Innovation. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2014. Print Rhodes-Ousley, Mark. Information Security: The Complete Reference. New York: McGraw Hill Education, 2013. Internet resource Rountree, Derrick, and Ileana Castrillo. The Basics of Cloud Computing: Understanding the Fundamentals of Cloud Computing in Theory and Practice. San Diego, CA: Elsevier Science Technology Books, 2014. Internet resource Senior, Barbara, and Stephen Swailes. Organizational Change. , 2016. Print. Srinivasan, S. Cloud Computing Basics. , 2014. Print Stuckenschmidt, Heiner, and Harmelen F. Van. Information Sharing on the Semantic Web. Berlin: Springer, 2005. Internet resource. Tajts, Tiberiu. Cloud Computing Security. Lexington, KY: CreateSpace, 2012. Print Tipton, Harold F, and Micki K. Nozaki. Information Security Management Handbook: Volume 7. , 2014. Print Vacca, John R. Cloud Computing Security: Foundations and Challenges. , 2017. Internet resource Williams, Mark I. A Quick Start Guide to Cloud Computing: Moving Your Business into the Cloud. London: Kogan Page, 2010. Internet resource Zelkowitz, Marvin V. Information Security. Amsterdam: Elsevier Academic Press, 2004. Internet resource

The Mayans Essays (603 words) - Maya Classic Period,

The Mayans The Ancient Mayan Civilization The ancient Maya were a group of American Indian peoples who lived in southern Mexico, particularly the present-day states of Chiapas, Tabasco, Campeche, Yucatan, and Quintana Roo, and in Belize, Guatemala, and adjacent Honduras. Their descendants, the modern Maya, live in the same regions today, in both highlands and lowlands, from cool highland plains ringed by volcanos to deep tropical rain forests. Through the region runs a single major river system, the Apasion-Usumacinta and its many tributaries, and only a handful of lesser rivers, the Motagua, Hondo, and Belize among them. The ancestors of the Maya, like those of other New World peoples, crossed the Bering Land Bridge from Asia more than 20,000 years ago, during the last ice age. The Maya were the first people of the New World to keep historical records: their written history begins in 50 BC, when they began to inscribe texts on pots, jades, bones, stone monuments, and palace walls. Maya records trace the history of the great kings and queens who ruled from 50 BC until the Spanish conquest in the 16th century. All Maya long count calendar inscriptions fall between AD 292 and AD 909, roughly defining the period called Classic. Ea rlier Maya culture is called Formative or Preclassic (2000 BC-AD 300), and subsequent civilization is known as Postclassic (AD 900-conquest). Protected by difficult terrain and heavy vegetation, the ruins of few ancient Maya cities were known before the 19th century, when explorers and archaeologists began to rediscover them. The age and proliferation of Maya writings have been recognized since about 1900, when the calendrical content of Maya hieroglyphic inscriptions were deciphered and the dates correlated with the Christian calendar. For most of the 20th century, only the extensive calendrical data of Maya inscriptions could be read, and as a result, Maya scholars hypothesized that the inscriptions were pure calendrical records. Because little evidence of warfare had been recognized archaeologically, the Classic Maya were thought of as peaceful timekeepers and skywatchers. Their cities, it was thought, were ceremonial centers for ascetic priests, and their artwork anonymous, without concern for specific individuals. More recent scholarship changes the picture dramatically. In 1958 Heinrich Berlin demonstrated that certain Maya hieroglyphs, which he called emblem glyphs, contained main signs that varied according to location, indicating dynastic lines or place names. In 1960, Tatiana Proskouriakoff showed that the patterns of dates were markers of the important events in rulers' lives. The chronological record turn ed out to serve history and the perpetuation of the memory of great nobles. Subsequently, major archaeological discoveries, particularly at Palenque and Tikal, confirmed much of what the writings said, and examination of Maya art has revealed not only historical portraiture but also a pantheon of gods, goddesses, and heroes--in other words, Maya religion and mythic history. By 5000 BC, the Maya had settled along Caribbean and Pacific coasts, forming egalitarian fishing communities. Certainly by 2000 BC the Maya had also moved inland and adopted agriculture for their subsistence. Maize and beans formed the Maya diet then as today, although many other foodstuffs--squash, tomatoes, peppers, fruits, and game--were supplements. The word for maize?wa?is synonymous with food itself, and the maize god was honored from early times. Sometime around the end of the Classic Period, the Maya were split up into independent city-states. The nobles of these city-states intermarried and waged war on each other. This civil war, along with the recent change in their system of government, led to the decline of the great Mayan Empire and ultimately, its demise. History Reports